Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27580151›Full record

Trial reportMedicine and science in sports and exercise2017

Effects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity.

Edward P Weiss, Richard C Jordan, Ethel M Frese, Stewart G Albert, Dennis T Villareal

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
97citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

97 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.

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  3. Body mass index and subsequent fracture risk: a meta-analysis to update FRAX.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025
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  9. Does exercise affect bone mineral density and content when added to a calorie-restricted diet? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022
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37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Edward P Weiss1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO; 2Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; 3Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO; 4Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO; and 5Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX.
Richard C Jordan
Ethel M Frese
Stewart G Albert
Dennis T Villareal
Saint Louis University · USBaylor College of Medicine · US

Funding

Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (UL1)UL1RR024992 · NCRR · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2007 to 2011
$45.4M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR000448 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Washington University Nutrition Obesity Research CenterP30DK056341 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Dominic N Reeds · 1999 to 2026
$30.2M
WU P&FP30DK020579 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI James Alexander Fitzpatrick · 2013 to 2026
$27.1M
Caloric restriction, exercise, and glucoregulation in humansK01DK080886 · NIDDK · SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY · PI WEISS, EDWARD P · 2008 to 2012
$520k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024992NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK080886NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020579NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK056341
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that exercise attenuates the reductions in lean mass, muscle strength, bone mineral density, and V˙O2max that accompany modest weight loss induced by calorie restriction (CR).

methodsOverweight, sedentary women and men (n = 52, 45-65 yr) were randomized to 6%-8% weight loss by using CR, endurance exercise training (EX), or both (CREX). The CR and the CREX groups underwent counseling to reduce energy intake by 20% and 10%, respectively. The EX and the CREX groups exercised 7.4 ± 0.5 and 4.4 ± 0.5 h·wk, respectively. Before and after 16.8 ± 1.1 wk of weight loss, lean mass and bone mineral density were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, strength was measured with dynamometry, and aerobic capacity (V˙O2max) was measured with indirect calorimetry during maximal-intensity treadmill exercise.

resultsWeight loss was ~7% in all groups. Decreases in whole-body (~2%, P = 0.003) and lower extremity (~4%, P < 0.0001) lean mass occurred in the CR group (both P < 0.05). Despite similar weight loss, these reductions were attenuated in the CREX group (~1%, P = 0.44 and ~2%, P = 0.05, respectively) and absent in the EX group. Absolute aerobic capacity decreased ~6% in the CR group (P = 0.04), was unchanged in the CREX group (P = 0.28), and increased ~15% in the EX group (P < 0.0001). No changes in muscle strength or bone were observed.

conclusionsModest weight loss (~7%) induced by 20% CR in overweight women and men decreases lean mass and reduces absolute V˙O2max. Exercise protects against these effects. Although the CR-induced changes might be considered physiologically appropriate for a reduced body weight, exercise preserves and/or improves these parameters during weight loss, which likely improves physical function. These findings support the notion of using exercise as an important component of weight loss programs.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexBone DensityExercise TherapyAgedCaloric RestrictionEnergy MetabolismHumansMiddle AgedMuscle StrengthOverweightOxygen ConsumptionPhysical Conditioning, HumanWeight Loss

Identifiers

PMID27580151
PMCPMC5161655
OpenAlexW2512953786

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.