ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2016
Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of essential oils against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida.
Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antifungal Properties ofJournal of evidence-based integrative medicinePooled it
- Bioactive Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Lavender Essential Oil: Molecular Mechanisms, Current Evidence, and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Antifungal Potential of Essential Oils From Native Mexican Species: Chemical Composition and In Vitro Vapor-Phase Analyses.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Species-Specific Susceptibility of Planktonic and Biofilm Forming Candida Strains to Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Essential Oils.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Antifungal and anti-virulence activities of cinnamon, thyme, and clove essential oils againstFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Vapor phase of white thyme essential oil: effect on Candida albicans and preservation of Lactobacillus species in the context of vulvovaginal candidiasis.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Antifungal efficacy of pyrolysis-derived bio-oil aqueous phases from Tropical plant biomass against Candida auris.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Aromatic Volatile Compounds of Essential Oils: Distribution, Chemical Perspective, Biological Activity, and Clinical Applications.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Potentials ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Unveiling the mechanism of essential oil action against skin pathogens: from ancient wisdom to modern science.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Drug-Resistant ClinicalMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- In vitro and Quantitative and Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) evaluation of the antifungal activity of terpenoid constituents of essential oils against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporumBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2023Article
- Article
- Antibacterial Potential of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Prepared Hydrolates from DifferentPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Immune Defences: A View from the Side of the Essential Oils.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antifungal effects of eugenol onPeerJ · 2023Article
- Article
- Enhancement of the Protective Activity of Vanillic Acid against Tetrachloro-Carbon (CClMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antifungal Activity ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe management of Candida infections faces many problems, such as a limited number of antifungal drugs, toxicity, resistance of Candida to commonly antifungal drugs, relapse of Candida infections, and the high cost of antifungal drugs. Though azole antifungal agents and derivatives continue to dominate as drugs of choice against Candida infections, there are many available data referring to the anticandidal activity of essential oils. Since we have previous observed a good antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against filamentous fungi, the aim of this study was to extend the research to evaluate the activity of the same oils on Candida albicans, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis clinical strains, as well as the effects of related components. Essential oils selection was based both on ethnomedicinal use and on proved antibacterial and/or antifungal activity of some of these oils. Fluconazole and voriconazole were used as reference drugs.
methodsThe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of essential oils (thyme red, fennel, clove, pine, sage, lemon balm, and lavender) and their major components were investigated by the broth microdilution method (BM) and the vapour contact assay (VC).
resultsUsing BM, pine oil showed the best activity against all strains tested, though C.albicans was more susceptible than C.glabrata and C.tropicalis (MIC50-MIC90 = 0.06 %, v/v). On the contrary, sage oil displayed a weak activity (MIC50-MIC90 = 1 %, v/v). Thyme red oil (MIC50-MIC90 ≤ 0.0038 %, v/v for C.albicans and C.tropicalis, and 0.0078- < 0.015 %, v/v for C.glabrata), followed by lemon balm, lavender and sage were the most effective by VC. Carvacrol and thymol showed the highest activity, whereas linalyl acetate showed the lowest activity both by two methods. α-pinene displayed a better activity by BM than VC.
conclusionResults show a good activity of essential oils, mainly thymus red and pine oils, and their components carvacrol, thymol and α-pinene against Candida spp., including fluconazole/voriconazole resistant strains. These data encourage adequately controlled and randomized clinical investigations. The use in vapour phase could have additional advantages without requiring direct contact, resulting in easy of environmental application such as in hospital, and/or in school.
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