SynthesisPsychonomic bulletin & review2017
Parafoveal preview effects from word N + 1 and word N + 2 during reading: A critical review and Bayesian meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Auditory Distraction During Reading: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis of a Continuing Controversy.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2018Pooled it
- Simultaneous Cortical Responses to Multiple Written Words.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Spatial extension of parafoveal processing predicts reading speed gain during reading acceleration.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- Simultaneous cortical responses to multiple written words.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Parafoveal Processing of Orthographic, Phonological, and Semantic Information from Chinese Characters at a Distant Position: A Parafoveal Priming Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prediction in reading: A review of predictability effects, their theoretical implications, and beyond.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2025Review
- The fundamentals of eye tracking part 2: From research question to operationalization.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Neural mechanism underlying preview effects and masked priming effects in visual word processing.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2025Article
- Parafoveal Processing of Orthography, Phonology, and Semantics during Chinese Reading: Effects of Foveal Load.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- The role of predictive and preview effects in Mongolian reading: evidence from eye movements.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Visuospatial, oculomotor, and executive reading skills evolve in elementary school, and errors are significant: a topological RAN study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- The role of visual crowding in eye movements during reading: Effects of text spacing.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2023Article
- Parafoveal syntactic processing from word N + 2 during reading: the case of gender-specific German articles.Psychological research · 2023Article
- Article
- The graded predictive pre-activation in Chinese sentence reading: evidence from eye movements.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Word complexity modulates the divided-word effect during Chinese reading.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Cross-linguistic differences in parafoveal semantic and orthographic processing.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2021Article
- The extrafoveal preview paradigm as a measure of predictive, active sampling in visual perception.Journal of vision · 2021Review
- Parafoveal degradation during reading reduces preview costs only when it is not perceptually distinct.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2021Article
- Regression-based analysis of combined EEG and eye-tracking data: Theory and applications.Journal of vision · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of gaze-contingent display techniques to study reading has shown that readers attend not only the currently fixated word, but also the word to the right of the current fixation. However, a critical look at the literature shows that a number of questions cannot be readily answered from the available literature reviews on the topic. First, there is no consensus as to whether readers also attend the second word to the right of fixation. Second, it is not clear whether parafoveal processing is more efficient in languages such as Chinese. Third, it is not well understood whether the measured effects are confounded by the properties of the parafoveal mask. In the present study, we addressed these issues by performing a Bayesian meta-analysis of 93 experiments that used the boundary paradigm (Rayner, Cognitive Psychology, 7, 65-81. doi: 10.1016/0010-028590005-5 , 1975). We describe three main findings: (1) The advantage of previewing the second word to the right is modest in size and likely is not centered on zero; (2) Chinese readers do seem to make more efficient use of parafoveal processing, but this is mostly evident in gaze durations; and (3) there are interference effects associated with using different parafoveal masks that roughly increase when the mask is less word-like.
Indexed as
Identifiers
27576520What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.