ArticleBritish journal of cancer2016
γ-Tocotrienol suppresses growth and sensitises human colorectal tumours to capecitabine in a nude mouse xenograft model by down-regulating multiple molecules.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- γ-Tocotrienol Sensitises Colorectal Cancer to PD-1 Blockade by Enhancing MHC-I-Associated Tumour Immune Visibility and CD8Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Exploring Vitamin E's Role in Colorectal Cancer Growth Using Rodent Models: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Palm oil nanoemulsion enhances tocotrienol stability, antioxidant, and selective anti-melanoma activity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Antioxidant Food Supplementation in Cancer: Lessons from Clinical Trials and Insights from Preclinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Insights into the Anticancer Mechanisms Modulated by Gamma and Delta Tocotrienols in Colorectal Cancers.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis by Gamma- or Delta-Tocotrienols in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Gamma-tocotrienol Inhibits Proliferation and Growth of HSD17B4 Overexpressing HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Article
- Effects of Vitamin E on the Gut Microbiome in Ageing and Its Relationship with Age-Related Diseases: A Review of the Current Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Anticancer Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol, Delta-Tocotrienol and Gamma-Tocotrienol on Chondrosarcoma Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol.BioFactors (Oxford, England) · 2022Review
- Alpha-tocotrienol enhances arborization of primary hippocampal neurons via upregulation of Bcl-xL.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- The Protective Effects of γ-Tocotrienol on Muscle Stem Cells Through Inhibiting Reactive Oxidative Stress Production.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Clinically Relevant Genes and Proteins Modulated by Tocotrienols in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Systematic Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Vitamin E beyond Its Antioxidant Label.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Metabolite secretions of Lactobacillus plantarum YYC-3 may inhibit colon cancer cell metastasis by suppressing the VEGF-MMP2/9 signaling pathway.Microbial cell factories · 2020Article
- Vitamin E and cancer: an update on the emerging role of γ and δ tocotrienols.European journal of nutrition · 2020Review
- Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of combined gamma-tocotrienol and hydroxychavicol in preventing the proliferation of 1321N1, SW1783, and LN18 glioma cancer cells.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2019Article
- Suppression of colorectal cancer cell growth by combined treatment of 6-gingerol and γ-tocotrienol via alteration of multiple signalling pathways.Journal of natural medicines · 2019Article
- Gamma-Tocotrienol Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells by Targeting the Ang-1/Tie-2 Signalling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Tocotrienols in Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and even develops resistance to chemotherapeutic agents over time. As a result survival for patients with CRC remains poor.
methodWe investigated both in vitro and in vivo effects of γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3) alone and in combination with capecitabine. Apoptosis and cytotoxicity assays were performed by MTT and FACS analysis, whereas expression of proteins was investigated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
resultsThe γ-T3 inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells with wild-type or mutated KRAS. It also induced apoptosis, inhibited colony formation, and suppressed key regulators of cell survival, cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Furthermore, γ-T3 enhanced the anticancer effects of capecitabine in CRC cells. In a nude mouse xenograft model of human CRC, oral administration of γ-T3 inhibited tumour growth and enhanced the antitumour efficacy of capecitabine. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis results indicated that expression of Ki-67, cyclin D1, MMP-9, CXCR4, NF-κB/p65, and VEGF was lower in tumour tissue from the combination treatment group. Combination treatment also downregulated NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that γ-T3 inhibited the growth of human CRC and sensitised CRC to capecitabine by regulating proteins linked to tumourigenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.