ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2016
Gallstones and the Risk of Gallbladder Cancer Mortality: A Cohort Study.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association Between Gallstone Disease and Risk of Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets · 2024Pooled it
- Causal effects of gallstone disease on risk of gastrointestinal cancer in Chinese.British journal of cancer · 2021Pooled it
- The Relationship betweenCanadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Pooled it
- Disparities in Gallbladder Cancer: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- A Narrative Review on Unravelling Bacterial-Mediated Carcinogenesis and Possible Alternative Treatment Strategies.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Moderate and severe depression increase the incidence of cholelithiasis: Results from Mendelian randomization study and the NHANES 2017-March 2020.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Observational
- Gallstone and bile microbiota: A case-control study based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Article
- HLF transactivatesScience advances · 2025Article
- Article
- The development and evaluation of nine obesity-based indices for gallstones in U.S. adults.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Inflammatory burden index (IBI) and body roundness index (BRI) in gallstone risk prediction: insights from NHANES 2017-2020.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- A comparative analysis of gallstones from gallbladder cancer patients and cholelithiasis patients unveiling the association between gallstones and gallbladder cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Burden of digestive system neoplasms in middle-aged and elderly adults: Temporal trends and geographic disparities (1990-2021).PloS one · 2025Article
- Non-linear association of cardiometabolic index with gallstone disease in US adults: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association between serum carotenoid levels and gallstones in adults: a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Incidental Gallbladder Cancer Found During Cholecystectomy for Cholelithiasis: A Case-Control Study.Gastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Compressive stresses in cancer: characterization and implications for tumour progression and treatment.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Serum Homocysteine Levels and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Korean Adult Men: A Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDespite epidemiologic data, definitive evidence for the role of gallstones as a cause for gallbladder cancer is lacking. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between gallstones, determined by ultrasound, and the risk of gallbladder cancer mortality in a large study of Korean men and women. In addition, the association between gallstones and cholecystectomy, and risk of hepatobiliary cancer mortality was investigated.
methodsA cohort study was performed for 396,720 South Korean men and women who underwent a health checkup from 2002 to 2012. Hazard ratios for mortality outcomes were estimated using Cox-proportional hazards regression analysis. Vital status and cause of death assignment were based on linkage to the National Death Index of death certificate records.
resultsFrom a total of 2,158,906.2 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up of 5.4 years), we identified 224 deaths from hepatobiliary cancer, comprising 174 cases of liver/intrahepatic bile ducts cancer, 20 cases of gallbladder cancer, and 30 cases of biliary tract cancer. Gallstones were significantly associated with increased risk of hepatobiliary cancer mortality, especially liver/intrahepatic biliary cancer, and gallbladder cancer mortality. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hepatobiliary cancer, liver/intrahepatic biliary cancer, and gallbladder cancer mortality comparing subjects having gallstones with those without gallstone disease were 2.74 (1.83-4.10), 2.34 (1.45-3.77), and 7.35 (2.60-20.8), respectively. Cholecystectomy was not significantly associated with hepatobiliary cancer mortality.
conclusionsIn this large cohort study, gallstones were associated with increased risk of hepatobiliary cancer mortality, especially liver/intrahepatic cancer, and gallbladder cancer mortality independent of potential confounders. Future studies with longer follow-up periods that include data on incident cancer cases should provide a more comprehensive view of the role of gallstones in cancer development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.