ArticleBurns & trauma2014
Cytokine regulation of immune tolerance.
Article in Burns & trauma, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Immune System Interactions in Autoimmune Diseases.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Inflammatory and neuropathological responses toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Circulating MicroRNAs and Cytokines Associated with Celiac Disease.Middle East journal of digestive diseases · 2024Article
- Modulation of metabolic and immunoregulatory pathways in the gut transcriptome of Atlantic salmon (Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A narrative review on the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of familial Mediterranean fever: an emphasis on pediatric cases.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Nanotoxicity of multifunctional stoichiometric cobalt oxide nanoparticles (SCoONPs) with repercussions toward apoptosis, necrosis, and cancer necrosis factor (TNF-α) at nano-biointerfaces.Toxicology research · 2023Review
- Mathematical Modeling of Proliferative Immune Response Initiated by Interactions Between Classical Antigen-Presenting Cells Under Joint Antagonistic IL-2 and IL-4 Signaling.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Review
- Is Serum TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels Correlated to Children with Autism Intensity?Iranian journal of child neurology · 2021Article
- A review of potential biomarkers for assessing physical and psychological trauma in paediatric burns.Burns & trauma · 2021Review
- Empowering the immune fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: gene and protein changes.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2019Article
- Regulatory Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Exploiting PLGA-Based Biocompatible Nanoparticles for Next-Generation Tolerogenic Vaccines against Autoimmune Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Role of the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein in regulation of the cytokine and chemokine profiles of intact mononuclear cells.Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections · 2017Article
- Article
- New progress in immunobiology and transplantation research.Burns & trauma · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system provides defenses against invading pathogens while maintaining immune tolerance to self-antigens. This immune homeostasis is harmonized by the direct interactions between immune cells and the cytokine environment in which immune cells develop and function. Herein, we discuss three non-redundant paradigms by which cytokines maintain or break immune tolerance. We firstly describe how anti-inflammatory cytokines exert direct inhibitory effects on immune cells to enforce immune tolerance, followed by discussing other cytokines that maintain immune tolerance through inducing CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), which negatively control immune cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 is the most potent cytokine in promoting the development and survival of Tregs, thereby mediating immune tolerance. IL-35 is mainly produced by Tregs, but its biology function remains to be defined. Finally, we discuss the actions of proinflammatory cytokines that breach immune tolerance and induce autoimmunity, which include IL-7, IL-12, IL-21, and IL-23. Recent genetic studies have revealed the role of these cytokines (or their cognate receptors) in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Taken together, we highlight in this review the cytokine regulation of immune tolerance, which will help in further understanding of human diseases that are caused by dysregulated immune system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.