ArticleEpidemiology and infection2016
The contribution of travellers visiting friends and relatives to notified infectious diseases in Australia: state-based enhanced surveillance.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contribution of Travelers toJMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Use of passive samplers as sewage surveillance tool to monitor a hepatitis A outbreak at a school in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Oct 2022 - March 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Imported malaria into Australia: surveillance insights and opportunities.Journal of travel medicine · 2024Article
- The epidemiology of imported and locally acquired dengue in Australia, 2012-2022.Journal of travel medicine · 2024Article
- Pre-travel vaccine information needs, attitudes, drivers of uptake and the role for decision aids in travel medicine.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Article
- Acute hepatitis A in international travellers: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2008-2020.Journal of travel medicine · 2022Article
- Typhoid fever in travellers: estimating the risk of acquisition by country.Journal of travel medicine · 2021Article
- Detailed characterisation of the tuberculosis epidemic in Western Sydney: a descriptive epidemiological study.ERJ open research · 2019Article
- A Prospective Study on the Impact and Out-of-Pocket Costs of Dengue Illness in International Travelers.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Case Report: Acute Hepatitis E in a Pediatric Traveler Presenting with Features of Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Review
- Adherence to anti-vectorial prevention measures among travellers with chikungunya and malaria returning to Australia: comparative epidemiology.BMC research notes · 2018Article
- Hepatitis E in Long-Term Travelers from the Netherlands to Subtropical and Tropical Countries, 2008-2011.Emerging infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Travel-associated hepatitis A in Europe, 2009 to 2015.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immigrants and their children who return to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFR) are at increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases compared to other travellers. VFR travel is an important disease control issue, as one quarter of Australia's population are foreign-born and one quarter of departing Australian international travellers are visiting friends and relatives. We conducted a 1-year prospective enhanced surveillance study in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia to determine the contribution of VFR travel to notifiable diseases associated with travel, including typhoid, paratyphoid, measles, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, malaria and chikungunya. Additional data on characteristics of international travel were collected. Recent international travel was reported by 180/222 (81%) enhanced surveillance cases, including all malaria, chikungunya and paratyphoid cases. The majority of cases who acquired infections during travel were immigrant Australians (96, 53%) or their Australian-born children (43, 24%). VFR travel was reported by 117 (65%) travel-associated cases, highest for typhoid (31/32, 97%). Cases of children (aged <18 years) (86%) were more frequently VFR travellers compared to adult travellers (57%, P < 0·001). VFR travel is an important contributor to imported disease in Australia. Communicable disease control strategies targeting these travellers, such as targeted health promotion, are likely to impact importation of these travel-related infections.
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