ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Repeated replacement of an intrabacterial symbiont in the tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers.
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Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed.
- The bacterial march toward symbiosis: on-ramps and off-ramps.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Horizontal gene transfer in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other Saccharomycotina yeasts: a review.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- The transcriptional and translational outcomes for pseudogenes in bacterial endosymbionts.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals lateral transfers of multiple functional genes from prokaryotes to free-living ciliated protists in detrital food webs.Marine life science & technology · 2026Article
- Cellular remodeling of ovarian follicular epithelial cells transmits an obligate nutritional endosymbiont in a scale insect.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Experimental Sodalis infection eliminates ancient insect symbiont.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Convergent extreme reductive evolution in ancient planthopper symbioses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A genomic view of Earth's biomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Article
- Contrasting Genomic Trajectories of Bartonellaceae Symbionts of Planthoppers.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Genome degradation results in nested symbiosis and endosymbiont replacement in cicadas.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Genome report: genome sequence of the hibiscus mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead), an invasive pest of citrus.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Genomic Evolution and Patterns of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Coccomorpha Species.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Changes in the Microbiota of the Scale Insect (Biology · 2025Article
- Targeted disruption of theiScience · 2025Article
- Accelerated Pseudogenization in the Ancient Endosymbionts of Giant Scale Insects.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Protein import into bacterial endosymbionts and evolving organelles.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- ArtSymbioCyc, a metabolic network database collection dedicated to arthropod symbioses: a case study, the tripartite cooperation inmSystems · 2025Article
- Unveiling the diversity of gut microbes in green lacewings (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) and their role as protagonist in nutrition.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Anaerobic breviate protist survival in microcosms depends on microbiome metabolic function.The ISME journal · 2025Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Stable endosymbiosis of a bacterium into a host cell promotes cellular and genomic complexity. The mealybug Planococcus citri has two bacterial endosymbionts with an unusual nested arrangement: the γ-proteobacterium Moranella endobia lives in the cytoplasm of the β-proteobacterium Tremblaya princeps These two bacteria, along with genes horizontally transferred from other bacteria to the P. citri genome, encode gene sets that form an interdependent metabolic patchwork. Here, we test the stability of this three-way symbiosis by sequencing host and symbiont genomes for five diverse mealybug species and find marked fluidity over evolutionary time. Although Tremblaya is the result of a single infection in the ancestor of mealybugs, the γ-proteobacterial symbionts result from multiple replacements of inferred different ages from related but distinct bacterial lineages. Our data show that symbiont replacement can happen even in the most intricate symbiotic arrangements and that preexisting horizontally transferred genes can remain stable on genomes in the face of extensive symbiont turnover.
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