ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2016
Pyroptosis triggers pore-induced intracellular traps (PITs) that capture bacteria and lead to their clearance by efferocytosis.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 263 papers.
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Who cites it
263 citing papers in PubMed.
- Disulfidptosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- The roles of microglia and astrocytes in inflammasomes and neurological disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Protective versus deleterious roles of pyroptosis in Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium marinum infections.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Human non-canonical inflammasomes activate CASP3 to limit intracellular Salmonella replication in macrophages.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Gasdermins against intracellular bacterial pathogens.Nature microbiology · 2026Review
- Modulation of immune cells and metabolic reprogramming in efferocytosis.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Delayed disulfiram targeting GSDMD-NETs axis rescues sepsis by limiting bacterial spread and lung injury.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Advances in the research of gasdermin-dependent pyroptosis mechanisms and therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Dual NLRC4 and non-canonical inflammasome signaling drives human GSDMD-mediated killing ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pyroptosis Regulated by N6-Methyladenosine Modification: Implications for Pyroptosis-Related Disease Therapy.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Review
- Infection strategies ofGut microbes reports · 2026Review
- Orchestrating immunopathology: the spectrum of programmed cell death pathways co-opted by influenza a virus in pulmonary immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Programmed cell death pathways coordinate neutrophil and macrophage clearance in zebrafish and are differentially exploited by Salmonella Typhimurium.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus-induced pyroptosis of chicken renal tubular epithelial cells via the MDA5/NF-κB/NLRP3 signalling pathway.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Human non-canonical inflammasomes activate CASP3 to limit intracellularbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Proton-activated chloride channel governs phagosome-mediated antibacterial immunity in peritoneal macrophages.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Gasdermins: multifunctional effectors of membrane permeabilization across cellular compartments.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Nasal microbionts differentially colonize and elicit cytokines in human nasal epithelial organoids.mSphere · 2025Article
- From mechanisms to markers: role of pyroptosis in revolutionizing thyroid cancer care.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
203 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammasomes activate caspase-1 in response to cytosolic contamination or perturbation. This inflammatory caspase triggers the opening of the GSDMD pore in the plasma membrane, resulting in lytic cell death called pyroptosis. We had previously assumed that pyroptosis releases intracellular bacteria to the extracellular space. Here, we find that viable bacteria instead remain trapped within the cellular debris of pyroptotic macrophages. This trapping appears to be an inevitable consequence of how osmotic lysis ruptures the plasma membrane, and may also apply to necroptosis and some forms of nonprogrammed necrosis. Although membrane tears release soluble cytosolic contents, they are small enough to retain organelles and bacteria. We call this structure the pore-induced intracellular trap (PIT), which is conceptually parallel to the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). The PIT coordinates innate immune responses via complement and scavenger receptors to drive recruitment of and efferocytosis by neutrophils. Ultimately, this secondary phagocyte kills the bacteria. Hence, caspase-1-driven pore-induced cell death triggers a multifaceted defense against intracellular bacteria facilitated by trapping the pathogen within the cellular debris. Bona fide intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella, must prevent or delay pyroptosis to avoid being trapped in the PIT and subsequently killed by neutrophils.
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