ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2016
Clostridium difficile colitis: pathogenesis and host defence.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07221370 (Enteral Vancomycin as Primary Prophylaxis Against Clostridioides Difficile Infection in Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 327 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Enteral Vancomycin as Primary Prophylaxis Against Clostridioides Difficile Infection in Critically Ill Patients
Who cites it
327 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 551 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Oral Microbiome in Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Hyperimmune yolk extract with Immunoglobulin Y basic active principle as a possible adjuvant treatment in patients who need/benefit from neurorehabilitation, withJournal of medicine and life · 2022Pooled it
- Fecal Pharmacokinetics and Gut Microbiome Effects of Oral Omadacycline Versus Vancomycin in Healthy Volunteers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Microbiome recovery in adult females with uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a randomised phase 2A trial of the novel antibiotic gepotidacin (GSK140944).BMC microbiology · 2021Trial
- The role of gut microbiome in aging-associated diseases: where do we stand now and how technology will transform the future.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- From gut dysbiosis to eubiosis: understanding microbiome recovery as an ecological process.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic potential in infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Amino acid metabolism by pig intestinal bacteria and consequences for intestinal health and environment: current knowledge and future directions.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Balancing act of cytokines in controlling the severity ofInfection and immunity · 2026Review
- Burden of Clostridioides difficile infection in China, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Multi-strain Clostridioides difficile infection: Increased detection and clinical implications.The Journal of infection · 2026Article
- Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Increased Risk ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of Exosporium-Anchored Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Reporters for TrackingACS synthetic biology · 2026Article
- Association of circulating leptin concentration with the risk of Clostridium difficile colitis and exploration of their associated mediators: A mendelian randomisation study.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- LINGO4 coordinates ILC3-intrinsic IL-22 production and microbiota-mediated ILC3 homeostasis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Restoration of the Mucosal Barrier by Lactobacillus gasseri HDS0266 and Enterococcus faecium HDS0288 in Dextran Sodium Sulfate and Clostridioides difficile-Induced Colitis Mice.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Single-bacterial cell insights into mechanisms of ceftriaxone resistance in Neisseria subflava.Nature communications · 2026Article
267 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a major cause of intestinal infection and diarrhoea in individuals following antibiotic treatment. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that induce spore formation and germination and have determined the roles of C. difficile toxins in disease pathogenesis. Exciting progress has also been made in defining the role of the microbiome, specific commensal bacterial species and host immunity in defence against infection with C. difficile. This Review will summarize the recent discoveries and developments in our understanding of C. difficile infection and pathogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.