ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2017
The role of grief symptoms and a sense of injustice in the pathways to post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-conflict Timor-Leste.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cumulative hardship: the role of perceived injustice in linking war-related trauma and discrimination with mental health.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Perceived Injustice as a Determinant of the Severity of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Following Occupational Injury.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Role of emotional creativity and achievement motivation on trauma symptoms among university students.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- "My Life during the Lockdown": Emotional Experiences of European Adolescents during the COVID-19 Crisis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and Disenfranchised Grief.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Psychosocial mechanisms of change in symptoms of Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder amongst refugees from Myanmar over the course of Integrative Adapt Therapy.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2020Article
- The Significance of Justice in the Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Traumatized People After War and Crises.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Theoretical background, first stage development and adaptation of a novel Integrative Adapt Therapy (IAT) for refugees.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2019Article
- The structure and psychosocial correlates of complicated bereavement amongst refugees from West Papua.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2019Article
- Developing a measure of adaptive stress arising from the psychosocial disruptions experienced by refugees based on a sample of displaced persons from West Papua.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2019Article
- The Assessment of Grief in Refugees and Post-conflict Survivors: A Narrative Review of Etic and Emic Research.Frontiers in psychology · 2018Review
- The factor structures and correlates of PTSD in post-conflict Timor-Leste: an analysis of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire.BMC psychiatry · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsGrief symptoms and a sense of injustice may be interrelated responses amongst persons exposed to mass conflict and both reactions may contribute to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. As yet, however, there is a dearth of data examining these relationships. Our study examined the contributions of grief and a sense of injustice to a model of PTSD symptoms that included the established determinants of trauma events, ongoing adversity and severe psychological distress. The study involved a large population sample (n = 2964, response rate: 82.4%) surveyed in post-conflict Timor-Leste.
methodsThe survey sites included an urban administrative area (suco) in Dili, the capital of Timor-Leste and a rural village located an hour's drive away. Culturally adapted measures were applied to assess conflict related traumatic events (TEs), ongoing adversity, persisting preoccupations with injustice, symptoms of grief, psychological distress (including depressive symptoms) and PTSD symptoms.
resultsWe tested a series of structural equation models, the final comprehensive model, which included indices of grief symptoms and injustice, producing a good fit. Locating grief symptoms as the endpoint of the model produced a non-converging model. In the final model, strong associations were evident between grief and injustice (β = 0.34, s.e. = 0.02, p < 0.01) and grief and PTSD symptoms (β = 0.14, s.e. = 0.02, p < 0.01). The sense of injustice exerted a considerable effect on PTSD symptoms (β = 0.13, s.e. = 0.03, p < 0.01). In addition, multiple indirect paths were evident, most involving grief and a sense of injustice, attesting to the complex inter-relationship of these factors in contributing to PTSD symptoms.
conclusionsOur findings support an expanded model of PTSD symptoms relevant to post-conflict populations, in which grief symptoms and a sense of injustice play pivotal roles. The model supports the importance of a focus on loss, grief and a sense of injustice in conducting trauma-focused psychotherapies for PTSD amongst populations exposed to mass conflict and violence. Further research is needed to identify the precise mechanisms whereby grief symptoms and the sense of injustice impact on PTSD symptoms.
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