ArticleNature microbiology2016
Evidence for the sexual origin of heterokaryosis in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Techniques and Strategies for the Conservation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- AMF genotype and host identity determine AMF inoculant performance.Mycorrhiza · 2026Article
- Low soil phosphorus conditioning enhances mutualism in Rhizophagus irregularis regardless of nuclear organization, even when phosphorus conditions shift.Mycorrhiza · 2026Article
- Beyond static symbioses: genome architecture and endobacterial partnerships reshape arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- The 3D genome of Gigaspora margarita unveils stable chromatin and nucleolar organization and symbiont-dependent genome dynamics.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Mycelial dynamics in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Cellular anatomy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.Current biology : CB · 2025Review
- Analyses of Transposable Elements in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Support Evolutionary Parallels With Filamentous Plant Pathogens.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Enhancing consistency in arbuscular mycorrhizal trait-based research to improve predictions of function.Mycorrhiza · 2025Review
- Rethinking asexuality: the enigmatic case of functional sexual genes in Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae).BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Article
- Unraveling the diversity of hyphal explorative traits among Rhizophagus irregularis genotypes.Mycorrhiza · 2024Article
- Detection of rare variants among nuclei populating the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal model species Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Strain-specific evolution and host-specific regulation of transposable elements in the model plant symbiont Rhizophagus irregularis.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- The potential of strigolactones to shift competitive dynamics among twoFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi heterokaryons have two nuclear populations with distinct roles in host-plant interactions.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Sequencing the Genomes of the First Terrestrial Fungal Lineages: What Have We Learned?Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Stochastic nuclear organization and host-dependent allele contribution in Rhizophagus irregularis.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Whole genome analyses based on single, field collected spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis geosporum.Mycorrhiza · 2022Article
- Modeling the consequences of the dikaryotic life cycle of mushroom-forming fungi on genomic conflict.eLife · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is ubiquitous among eukaryotes, and fully asexual lineages are extremely rare. Prominent among ancient asexual lineages are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a group of plant symbionts with a multinucleate cytoplasm. Genomic divergence among co-existing nuclei was proposed to drive the evolutionary success of AMF in the absence of sex(1), but this hypothesis has been contradicted by recent genome analyses that failed to find significant genetic diversity within an AMF isolate(2,3). Here, we set out to resolve issues surrounding the genome organization and sexual potential of AMF by exploring the genomes of five isolates of Rhizophagus irregularis, a model AMF. We find that genetic diversity in this species varies among isolates and is structured in a homo-dikaryon-like manner usually linked with the existence of a sexual life cycle. We also identify a putative AMF mating-type locus, containing two genes with structural and evolutionary similarities with the mating-type locus of some Dikarya. Our analyses suggest that this locus may be multi-allelic and that AMF could be heterothallic and bipolar. These findings reconcile opposing views on the genome organization of these ubiquitous plant symbionts and open avenues for strain improvement and environmental application of these organisms.
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