SynthesisAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2016
Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots as a Marker of Recent Dosing.
Synthesis in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men
Cellular Pharmacology of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine for HIV Prophylaxis (Cell Prep)
Project PrEPare - An Open Label Demonstration Project and Phase II Safety Study of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men (YMSM) in the United States
Quantifying Drug Adherence and Drug Exposure to Antiretroviral Therapy.
PrEP Adherence Monitoring Using Dried Blood Spots
The Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Switching to a Bictegravir (BIC)/Emtricitabine(FTC)/Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) Regimen in Virally Suppressed Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV)-Positive Patients Post-Renal Transplant
Training in mHealth Prevention With MSM
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substance Use and Adherence to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Studies Enrolling Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Concentration in Hair as a Measure for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review of Global Literature.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Antenatal Intracellular Concentrations of Tenofovir Diphosphate and Emtricitabine Triphosphate and Associations Between Tenofovir Diphosphate and Severe Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: IMPAACT-PROMISE (1077BF) Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Trial
- Trajectories and Predictors of Longitudinal Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Intracellular Tenofovir-Diphosphate and Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots following Directly Observed Therapy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- Psychometric properties of an Arabic language version of the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire among dialysis patients with cardio renal syndrome.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Recommendations for Interpreting Intraerythrocytic Tenofovir Diphosphate and Emtricitabine Triphosphate for HIV-1 Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Assessment.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Review
- Cellular pharmacology of tenofovir alafenamide and emtricitabine in neutrophils and platelets in people with and without HIV.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Diphosphate, Lamivudine Triphosphate and Emtricitabine Triphosphate in Adolescents With HIV Infection With and Without Tuberculosis Coinfection.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Article
- A Cross-Biomeasure Study to Optimize Antiretroviral Adherence Estimation.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- High recent PrEP adherence with point-of-care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Observational
- Adherence measurement considerations for oral antiretroviral medications.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Patterns of daily oral HIV PrEP adherence among people who inject drugs in Ukraine: an analysis of biomarkers.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Viral and host mediators of non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Tenofovir diphosphate in dried blood spots and HIV-1 resistance in South Africa.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Observational
- Article
- Article
- A Novel Algorithm to Improve PrEP Adherence Monitoring Using Dried Blood Spots.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
New objective measures of antiretroviral adherence are needed. We determined if emtricitabine triphosphate (FTC-TP) in dried blood spots (DBS) can be used as a marker of recent dosing with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC). The half-life of FTC-TP was estimated in DBS samples obtained from an intensive pharmacokinetic (PK) study of coformulated TDF-FTC in HIV-negative and HIV-infected participants. The concordance of quantifiable FTC-TP in DBS with tenofovir (TFV)/FTC in plasma was evaluated by utilizing paired plasma-DBS samples from participants enrolled in 2 large preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) open-label trials. The time to FTC-TP nondetectability after TDF-FTC dosing was evaluated utilizing DBS from HIV-negative participants enrolled in a directly observed therapy study of variable adherence to TDF-FTC. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) terminal half-life of FTC-TP in the PK study was 35 (23 to 47) h. A total of 143/163 (88%) samples obtained 0 to 48 h post-TDF-FTC dose had quantifiable FTC-TP in DBS, compared with 2/93 (2%) and 0/87 (0%) obtained >48 and >96 h postdose. In 746 paired plasma-DBS samples from 445 participants enrolled in PrEP trials, when both TFV/FTC in plasma were below the limit of quantification, FTC-TP was as well in 98.9% of the samples, and when either TFV or FTC in plasma was quantifiable, FTC-TP was as well in 90.5% of the samples. The half-life of FTC-TP in DBS is short relative to that of TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP), making it a surrogate for TFV-FTC detection in plasma. FTC-TP can be quantified in DBS simultaneously with TFV-DP, which quantifies cumulative adherence to TDF-FTC. (The clinical trials discussed in this article have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifiers NCT01040091, NCT02022657, NCT00458393, NCT01772823, and NCT02012621.).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.