ArticleSaudi medical journal2016
Efficacy of Miswak toothpaste and mouthwash on cariogenic bacteria.
Article in Saudi medical journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The antiplaque/anticariogenic efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) mouthrinse in comparison to that of chlorhexidine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2019Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Salvadora persica toothbrush and Salvadora persica chewing stick in plaque and gingivitis control: a randomized control trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Trial
- Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of 40% Miswak Mouthwash and 0.12% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Treating Gingivitis: A Blinded, Randomised Clinical Trial.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2021Trial
- Medicinal Plants Against Dental Caries: Research and Application of Their Antibacterial Properties.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antibiofilm Properties of Miswak (Scientifica · 2025Article
- Herbal medicines to prevent dental caries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Herbal Mouthrinses for Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2024Article
- Antibacterial Effect of Miswak herbal toothpaste Compared to Fluoride Toothpaste in High Caries Risk Patients: Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2023Article
- Effect of Miswak Derivatives on Color Changes and Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufactured (CAD/CAM) Dental Ceramic Materials.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Article
- Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Khat Chewing Induces a Floral Shift in Dental Material-Associated Microbiota: A Preliminary Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
- Effect ofJournal of microscopy and ultrastructureArticle
- Use of Oral Cleaning Devices and Their Perceived Benefits among Malaysians in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru: An Exploratory Structured Approach.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciencesArticle
- Antimicrobial effectiveness of aqueous and alcoholic herbal extracts onAvicenna journal of phytomedicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of Salvadora persica (Miswak) products on cariogenic bacteria in comparison with ordinary toothpaste.
methodsThe study was conducted in Zakho city, Kurdistan region, Iraq during the period from October 2013 to January 2014. A randomized controlled clinical trial of 40 students randomly allocated into 4 groups. They were instructed to use Mismark toothpaste, Miswak mouthwash, and ordinary toothpaste with water or with normal saline. Salivary samples were collected at 3-time intervals: before, immediately after use, and after 2 weeks of use. The effect of each method on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli was evaluated by using caries risk test.
resultsOne-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and least significant difference tests were used. Miswak wash has a significant reduction effect on both bacteria immediately and after 2 weeks of use. Miswak paste has a similar effect on Lactobacilli, while Streptococcus mutans showed a significant decrease only after 2 weeks of use. Ordinary paste showed a non significant effect on both bacteria at both time intervals; while the addition of normal saline showed a significant effect on both bacteria only after 2 weeks of use.
conclusionMiswak products, especially mouth wash, were more effective in reducing the growth of cariogenic bacteria than ordinary toothpaste.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.