ArticlePhysiology & behavior2016
CCK increases the transport of insulin into the brain.
Article in Physiology & behavior, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Gut Microbiota Is Involved in the Regulation of Cognitive Flexibility in Adolescent BALB/c Mice Exposed to Chronic Physical Stress and a High-Fat Diet.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Cerebellar Prediction and Feeding Behaviour.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Review
- Dietary Fat Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Impact on Regulatory Pathways Controlling Food Intake.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Hot Spots for the Use of Intranasal Insulin: Cerebral Ischemia, Brain Injury, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine Disorders and Postoperative Delirium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Somatodendritic Release of Cholecystokinin Potentiates GABAergic Synapses Onto Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Cells.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
- Insulin Resistance in Peripheral Tissues and the Brain: A Tale of Two Sites.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Toward the Decipherment of Molecular Interactions in the Diabetic Brain.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Evidence for an alternative insulin transporter at the blood-brain barrier.Aging pathobiology and therapeutics · 2022Article
- A historical perspective on the interactions of insulin at the blood-brain barrier.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2021Review
- Gastrin, Cholecystokinin, Signaling, and Biological Activities in Cellular Processes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Trypsin inhibitors: promising candidate satietogenic proteins as complementary treatment for obesity and metabolic disorders?Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2019Review
- The blood-brain barrier as an endocrine tissue.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2019Review
- Routes for the delivery of insulin to the central nervous system: A comparative review.Experimental neurology · 2019Review
- Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- How and why do gastrointestinal peptides influence food intake?Physiology & behavior · 2018Review
- Silencing steroid receptor coactivator-1 in the nucleus of the solitary tract reduces estrogenic effects on feeding and apolipoprotein A-IV expression.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Using the cerebrospinal fluid to understand ingestive behavior.Physiology & behavior · 2017Review
- High-Fat-Diet-Induced Deficits in Dopamine Terminal Function Are Reversed by Restoring Insulin Signaling.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2017Article
- Non-Neuronal Cells in the Hypothalamic Adaptation to Metabolic Signals.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Food intake occurs in bouts or meals, and numerous meal-generated signals have been identified that act to limit the size of ongoing meals. Hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) are secreted from the intestine as ingested food is being processed, and in addition to aiding the digestive process, they provide a signal to the brain that contributes to satiation, limiting the size of the meal. The potency of CCK to elicit satiation is enhanced by elevated levels of adiposity signals such as insulin. In the present experiments we asked whether CCK and insulin interact at the level of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We first isolated rat brain capillary endothelial cells that comprise the BBB and found that they express the mRNA for both the CCK1R and the insulin receptor, providing a basis for a possible interaction. We then administered insulin intraperitoneally to another group of rats and 15min later administered CCK-8 intraperitoneally to half of those rats. After another 15min, CSF and blood samples were obtained and assayed for immunoreactive insulin. Plasma insulin was comparably elevated above baseline in both the CCK-8 and control groups, indicating that the CCK had no effect on circulating insulin levels given these parameters. In contrast, rats administered CCK had CSF-insulin levels that were more than twice as high as those of control rats. We conclude that circulating CCK greatly facilitates the transport of insulin into the brain, likely by acting directly at the BBB. These findings imply that in circumstances in which the plasma levels of both CCK and insulin are elevated, such as during and soon after meals, satiation is likely to be due, in part, to this newly-discovered synergy between CCK and insulin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.