Trial reportAdvances in therapy2016
Methoxyflurane Analgesia in Adult Patients in the Emergency Department: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study (STOP!).
Trial report in Advances in therapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomised, Double Blind, Multi-centre, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Methoxyflurane (Penthrox) for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Patients Presenting to an Emergency Department With Minor Trauma
A Randomized Multicentre Placebo Controlled Non-inferiority Study of Intravenous Sedation Versus Methoxyflurane During Hysteroscopy.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhaled methoxyflurane (Penthrox) use in the outpatient and ambulatory setting: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Approaching acute pain in emergency settings; European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM) guidelines-part 2: management and recommendations.Internal and emergency medicine · 2020Guideline
- Determination of equi-analgesic doses of inhaled methoxyflurane versus intravenous fentanyl using the cold pressor test in volunteers: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study.British journal of anaesthesia · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Prospective, Multicentre Trial of Methoxyflurane for Acute Trauma-Related Pain in Helicopter Emergency Medical Systems and Hostile Environments: METEORA Protocol.Advances in therapy · 2018Trial
- Inhaled Methoxyflurane in Australian Emergency Departments-A Cost-Minimisation Analysis.Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA · 2026Article
- Parenteral, Non-Intravenous Analgesia in Acute Traumatic Pain-A Narrative Review Based on a Systematic Literature Search.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Pain and symptom relief using inhaled methoxyflurane for gynecologic brachytherapy applicator removal.Journal of contemporary brachytherapy · 2023Article
- Does Inhaled Methoxyflurane Implement Fast and Efficient Pain Management in Trauma Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pain and therapy · 2021Article
- Article
- Low-Dose Methoxyflurane versus Standard of Care Analgesics for Emergency Trauma Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Data.Journal of pain research · 2021Article
- Article
- Inhaled Methoxyflurane versus Intravenous Morphine for Severe Trauma Pain in the Emergency Setting: Subgroup Analysis of MEDITA, a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Trial.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
- Article
- Multimodal oral analgesia for non-severe trauma patients: evaluation of a triage-nurse directed protocol combining methoxyflurane, paracetamol and oxycodone.Internal and emergency medicine · 2019Observational
- Intranasal sufentanil versus intravenous morphine for acute severe trauma pain: A double-blind randomized non-inferiority study.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Procedural sedation and analgesia practices in the emergency centre.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2019Article
- Low-dose methoxyflurane analgesia in adolescent patients with moderate-to-severe trauma pain: a subgroup analysis of the STOP! study.Journal of pain research · 2019Article
- Methoxyflurane Versus Standard of Care for Acute Trauma-Related Pain in the Emergency Setting: Protocol for a Randomised, Controlled Study in Italy (MEDITA).Advances in therapy · 2019Article
- A Review of the Burden of Trauma Pain in Emergency Settings in Europe.Pain and therapy · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAcute pain remains highly prevalent in the Emergency Department (ED) setting. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled UK study investigated the efficacy and safety of low-dose methoxyflurane analgesia for the treatment of acute pain in the ED in the adult population of the STOP! trial.
methodsPatients presenting to the ED requiring analgesia for acute pain (pain score of 4-7 on the Numerical Rating Scale) due to minor trauma were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive methoxyflurane (up to 6 mL) or placebo (normal saline), both via a Penthrox
results300 adult and adolescent patients were randomized; data are presented for the adult subgroup (N = 204). Mean baseline VAS pain score was ~66 mm in both groups. The mean change from baseline to 5, 10, 15 and 20 min was greater for methoxyflurane (-20.7, -27.4, -33.3 and -34.8 mm, respectively) than placebo (-8.0, -11.1, -12.3 and -15.2 mm, respectively). The primary analysis showed a highly significant treatment effect overall across all four time points (-17.4 mm; 95% confidence interval: -22.3 to -12.5 mm; p < 0.0001). Median time to first pain relief was 5 min with methoxyflurane [versus 20 min with placebo; (hazard ratio: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.63, 3.30; p < 0.0001)]; 79.4% of methoxyflurane-treated patients experienced pain relief within 1-10 inhalations. 22.8% of placebo-treated patients requested rescue medication within 20 min compared with 2.0% of methoxyflurane-treated patients (p = 0.0003). Methoxyflurane treatment was rated 'Excellent', 'Very Good' or 'Good' by 77.6% of patients, 74.5% of physicians and 72.5% of nurses. Treatment-related adverse events (mostly dizziness/headache) were reported by 42.2% of patients receiving methoxyflurane and 14.9% of patients receiving placebo; none caused withdrawal and the majority were mild and transient.
conclusionThe results of this study support the evidence from previous trials that low-dose methoxyflurane administered via the Penthrox inhaler is a well-tolerated, efficacious and rapid-acting analgesic.
fundingMedical Developments International (MDI) Limited and Mundipharma Research GmbH & Co.KG.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01420159, EudraCT number: 2011-000338-12.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.