ArticleTransgenic research2017
Reconstruction of the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in rice endosperm reveals a metabolic bottleneck at the level of endogenous β-carotene hydroxylase activity.
Article in Transgenic research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Installing a Ketocarotenoid Branch inMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Metabolically engineered plant cell cultures as biofactories for the production of high-value carotenoids astaxanthin and canthaxanthin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metabolite profiling reveals differential accumulation of secondary metabolites related to flavour and colour across four heirloom chilli landraces.Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2025Article
- A synthetic switch based on orange carotenoid protein to control blue-green light responses in chloroplasts.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Phytoene Synthase: The Key Rate-Limiting Enzyme of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Review
- Metabolic engineering of astaxanthin-rich maize and its use in the production of biofortified eggs.Plant biotechnology journal · 2021Article
- Metabolic engineering of ketocarotenoids biosynthetic pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain CC-4102.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Improving nutritional quality of rice for human health.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2020Review
- Ameliorating process parameters for zeaxanthin yield in Arthrobacter gandavensis MTCC 25325.AMB Express · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a high-value ketocarotenoid rarely found in plants. It is derived from β-carotene by the 3-hydroxylation and 4-ketolation of both ionone end groups, in reactions catalyzed by β-carotene hydroxylase and β-carotene ketolase, respectively. We investigated the feasibility of introducing an extended carotenoid biosynthesis pathway into rice endosperm to achieve the production of astaxanthin. This allowed us to identify potential metabolic bottlenecks that have thus far prevented the accumulation of this valuable compound in storage tissues such as cereal grains. Rice endosperm does not usually accumulate carotenoids because phytoene synthase, the enzyme responsible for the first committed step in the pathway, is not present in this tissue. We therefore expressed maize phytoene synthase 1 (ZmPSY1), Pantoea ananatis phytoene desaturase (PaCRTI) and a synthetic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii β-carotene ketolase (sCrBKT) in transgenic rice plants under the control of endosperm-specific promoters. The resulting grains predominantly accumulated the diketocarotenoids canthaxanthin, adonirubin and astaxanthin as well as low levels of monoketocarotenoids. The predominance of canthaxanthin and adonirubin indicated the presence of a hydroxylation bottleneck in the ketocarotenoid pathway. This final rate-limiting step must therefore be overcome to maximize the accumulation of astaxanthin, the end product of the pathway.
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