ArticleEnvironmental research2016
Variability and exposure classification of urinary phenol and paraben metabolite concentrations in reproductive-aged women.
Article in Environmental research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and anthropometric measures of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Bisphenol A and cancer: a critical review of the epidemiologic literature with an emphasis on exposure assessment.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- Biomonitoring: a demonstration of the importance of direct analytical methods for the assessment of chemical exposures.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Article
- The utility of silicone wristbands in characterizing exposure to parabens found in commercial lotions.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Global metabolomic alterations associated with endocrine-disrupting chemicals among pregnant individuals and newborns.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Mediating effects of insulin resistance on lipid metabolism with elevated paraben exposure in the general Taiwan population.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Associations between prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and child neurodevelopment at two years of age in a South African birth cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical mixtures and uterine leiomyomata in the study of environment, lifestyle and fibroids (SELF).Chemosphere · 2024Article
- Fetal bisphenol and phthalate exposure and early childhood growth in a New York City birth cohort.Environment international · 2024Article
- Health Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, and Semi-Volatile Chlorinated Organic Compounds in Urine of Commercial Fish Smokers, Ghana.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- Urinary Paraben Concentrations and Associations with the Periconceptional Urinary Metabolome: Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Analyses of Participants from the Early Pregnancy Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Urinary phenol concentrations and fecundability and early pregnancy loss.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Urinary concentrations of phenols and parabens and incident diabetes in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Exposure to environmental phenols and parabens, and relation to body mass index, eczema and respiratory outcomes in the Norwegian RHINESSA study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Assessing the Public Health Implications of the Food Preservative Propylparaben: Has This Chemical Been Safely Used for Decades.Current environmental health reports · 2021Review
- Urinary levels of environmental phenols and parabens and antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood of women.Environmental research · 2020Article
- Urinary paraben concentrations and their implications for human exposure in Iranian pregnant women.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Correlates of exposure to phenols, parabens, and triclocarban in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2020Article
- Classification and Temporal Variability in Urinary 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo: Analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Endocrine disrupting chemical exposure and maladaptive behavior during adolescence.Environmental research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman exposure to phenols and parabens is widespread. Within-person variability of urinary concentrations in healthy women is not well characterized.
objectivesTo characterize the variability of urinary phenol and paraben concentrations across two months and evaluate the ability of a single spot urine sample to characterize exposure.
methods143 women provided 509 spot urine samples collected across two months of study (3-5 samples/woman). We measured urinary concentrations of 8 phenols: bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), triclosan (TCS); and 8 parabens and their metabolites (benzyl (BzP), butyl (BuP), ethyl (EtP), heptyl (HeP), methyl (MeP), propyl (PrP), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHB)). Biomarker variability was characterized using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and surrogate category analyses were conducted.
resultsICCs ranged from very low for BPA (0.04) to moderate for BP-3, BP-1, TCS, BzP, and MeP (0.66, 0.58, 0.55, 0.54, and 0.62, respectively). Surrogate analyses suggested that BP-1, BP-3, TCS, 2,4-DCP, BuP, and PrP may be characterized by a single spot sample (sensitivity range 0.76-0.86) but that additional samples were necessary for BPA, HeP, 4-HB, and 3,4-DHB (sensitivity range 0.47-0.61).
conclusionsUrinary phenol and paraben metabolite concentrations were variable across two months in healthy women but the degree of reliability differed by the specific biomarker. A small number of samples may sufficiently characterize typical concentrations for BP-3, BP-1, TCS, BuP, and PrP; but additional biospecimens may be necessary to characterize exposure for other compounds, including BPA.
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