ArticleBMJ open2016
How effective has tobacco tax increase been in the Gambia? A case study of tobacco control.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cigarette Prices and Smoking Experimentation Among Zimbabwean Children: A Survival Analysis of the 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco media messages and events and smoking behaviour among adolescents in Gambia.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of and factors associated with tobacco smoking in the Gambia: a national cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Assessment of Tobacco Control Policy Instruments, Status and Effectiveness in Africa: A Systematic Literature Review.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Review
- Passive Smokers' Support for Stronger Tobacco Control in Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Smoking among Gambian Men: A Cross-Sectional National WHO STEP Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Exploration of Policy Makers' Views on the Implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the Gambia: A Qualitative Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- A decade of cigarette taxation in Bangladesh: lessons learnt for tobacco control.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2019Article
- Tobacco tax and price in the developed and developing countries in the World.Data in brief · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate how effective tobacco tax increase has been in increasing price of tobacco products and reducing tobacco consumption in the Gambia. In addition, it tests the hypothesis that tobacco tax revenue grows while tobacco consumption decreases as a result of tax and price increase.
settingThe study is designed at the macroeconomic level to examine the import of tobacco products and revenue collected from tobacco taxation in a low-income setting.
participantsThe participants of this study are the government officials employed in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs (MoFEA), the Gambia and the Gambia Revenue Authority, who are in charge of planning and implementing the tobacco tax policy in the Gambia.
interventionsThe study includes 2 consecutive interventions in tobacco tax policy in the Gambia. The first intervention was moving the tax base for the uniform specific excise tax on cigarettes from weight to pack of cigarettes in 2013. The second intervention involved increasing the excise and the environmental tax on tobacco products in 2014. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were the cost, insurance and freight value and the price of tobacco products. The secondary outcome measures included the import of tobacco products and tobacco tax revenue.
resultsIn 2013-2014, the Gambia MoFEA raised the specific excise rate, which increased price, reduced consumption and generated significantly more government revenue from tobacco products. This is a clear evidence of the win-win outcome of raising tobacco tax. In addition, the Gambia has set the example of harmonising tax rates between tobacco products that reduces the substitution between tobacco products.
conclusionsThe Gambia presents the best practice in tobacco taxation. There is need for documenting more country-specific evidence on the win-win outcome of raising tobacco tax.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.