ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2016
Association between dietary acid load and the risk of cardiovascular disease: nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008-2011).
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary acid load and cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Public health nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of Dietary Acid Load with Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters Following Eating Habit Modification in Korean Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The association between dietary acid load and Kidney/Liver function in morbidly obese bariatric candidates.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary acid load and its association with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and events.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dietary acid load and mortality in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association Between Dietary Acid Load and Excess Weight in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association of Diet Quality, Dietary Acid Load, and Dietary Antioxidant Index With Cardiometabolic and NAFLD Risk Factors Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of dietary acid load with abdominal adiposity based on traditional and novel anthropometric indices.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Increased dietary acid load May elevate the risk of coronary artery disease severity: Findings from a cross-sectional study.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- The association between dietary acid load and indices of insulin resistance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dietary acid load on the Mediterranean and a vegan diet: a secondary analysis of a randomized, cross-over trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Correlation between dietary acid-base load and chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- High dietary acid load predicts severity of autoimmune skin disease: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dietary acid load adopts the effect of ApoB ins/del genetic variant (rs11279109) on obesity trait, cardiovascular markers, lipid profile, and serum leptin level among patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Assessing the role of dietary acid load in the development of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: uncovering the association through prospective cohort analysis.Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Dietary acid load and risk of diminished ovarian reserve: a case-control study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Article
- Cross-sectional analyses of metabolites across biological samples mediating dietary acid load and chronic kidney disease.iScience · 2024Article
- Pathophysiology of Diet-Induced Acid Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAcid-base imbalance has been reported to increase incidence of hypertension and diabetes. However, the association between diet-induced acid load and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the general population has not been fully investigated.
methodsThis was a population-based, retrospectively registered cross-sectional study using nationally representative samples of 11,601 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. Individual CVD risk was evaluated using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk equations according to 2013 ACC/AHA guideline assessment in subjects aged 40-79 without prior CVD. Acid-base status was assessed with both the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and the dietary acid load (DAL) scores derived from nutrient intake.
resultsIndividuals in the highest PRAL tertile had a significant increase in 10 year ASCVD risks (9.6 vs. 8.5 %, P < 0.01) and tended to belong to the high-risk (10 year risk >10 %) group compared to those in the lowest PRAL tertile (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.35). The association between higher PRAL score and high CVD risk was stronger in the middle-aged group. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis also demonstrated this association (OR 1.20 95 % CI 1.01-1.43). Subgroup analysis stratified obesity or exercise status; individuals in unhealthy condition with lower PRAL scores had comparable ASCVD risk to people in the higher PRAL group that were in favorable physical condition. In addition, elevated PRAL scores were associated with high ASCVD risk independent of obesity, exercise, and insulin resistance, but not sarcopenia. Similar trends were observed with DAL scores.
conclusionDiet-induced acid load was associated with increased risk of CVD, independent of obesity and insulin resistance.
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