ReviewSpringerPlus2016
Predictors of doping intentions, susceptibility, and behaviour of elite athletes: a meta-analytic review.
Review in SpringerPlus, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Doping Prevalence in Sport from Indirect Estimation Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Psychosocial predictors of doping intentions and use in sport and exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of sports medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Doping Prevalence in Competitive Sport: Evidence Synthesis with "Best Practice" Recommendations and Reporting Guidelines from the WADA Working Group on Doping Prevalence.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Efficient Ways to Combat Doping in a Sports Education Context!? A Systematic Review on Doping Prevention Measures Focusing on Young Age Groups.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Pooled it
- Replicating motivational and cognitive-motivational typologies of doping attitudes among recreational fitness athletes: implications for harm reduction and risk communication.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Psychosocial correlates of performance-enhancing substance use intentions and prevention needs among recreational gym users: a theory-informed mixed-methods study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- From Doping Intentions to Life Aspirations: A Goal Systems Perspective of Performance Enhancement in Sport.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of a values-based anti-doping education program for university sport in Japan: the UNIVAS clean sports intervention.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- When they don't come around: how athletes and DCOs perceive the legitimacy of a remote sampling system in anti-doping testing.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- A Preliminary Investigation of a Conceptual Framework of Performance Enhancement Across Different Life Domains.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- International elite Para athletes' perspectives on anti-doping: what works, what doesn't and what's next?BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Differences in anti-doping knowledge among Serbian professional athletes.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Psychometric Properties of the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) for Brazilian Sports.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Doping Prevalence among U.S. Elite Athletes Subject to Drug Testing under the World Anti-Doping Code.Sports medicine - open · 2024Article
- Perceived Coach-Created Empowering and Disempowering Climate Effects on Athletes' Intentions to Use Doping: The Mediational Role of Self-Regulatory Efficacy and Attitudes towards Doping.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Doping in elite cycling: a qualitative study of the underlying situations of vulnerability.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Article
- "I Am on Top!": An Interactive Intervention Program to Promote Self-Regulation Processes in the Prevention of the Use of Doping in Sports High Schools.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023Article
- Dietary Supplements: A Gateway to Doping?Nutrients · 2023Review
- Doping in Paralympic sport: perceptions, responsibility and anti-doping education experiences from the perspective of Paralympic athletes and parasport coaches.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Research in doping has focused on potential intervention strategies, increasingly targeting predicting factors. Yet, findings are inconsistent, mostly athlete-centred and explain only limited variances in behaviour. This critical review aims to (a) summarize studies that identified predictors of doping intentions, susceptibility, and behaviour in elite athletes and to (b) analyse in how far previous research included aspects beyond athlete-centred approaches, such as context and sporting culture. We reviewed 14 studies that focused on elite athletes. Situational temptation, attitudes, and subjective norms seem to be strong predicting variables of doping intentions (r ≥ 0.50), but intention was no predictor for behaviour. Attitudes were a significant predictor for both, doping susceptibility (r = 0.47) and behaviour (r = 0.30). Most of the predictors are athlete-centred and ignore macro-level factors that might help to explain how certain individual traits impact on the decision making process. The findings from this review call for a critical discussion of whether current doping-prevention research needs to take new directions. We propose future research to bridge findings of psychologists and sociologists, as it appears that doping behaviour cannot be explained by ignoring the one or the other. Impacts of sporting culture that have been identified in qualitative approaches need to be integrated in future quantitative approaches to test for its external validity. Inclusion of both, micro- and macro level factors may enable an integrative prevention program that creates a sporting culture without doping.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.