ReviewBone research2016
TGF-β and BMP signaling in osteoblast, skeletal development, and bone formation, homeostasis and disease.
Review in Bone research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 916 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
916 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,565 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth factor analysis in children with non-syndromic orofacial clefts: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Protective effects and mechanisms of puerarin in ovariectomized animal models of osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Bone morphogenetic protein, platelet-rich plasma, and bone marrow aspiration concentrate in the treatment of bone delayed union or nonunion: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- 3D printed scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 for bone defect regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Mn/Zn Bimetallic MOF-Integrated Hydrogel Alleviates Excessive Mitochondrial Fission in BMSCs to Promote Osteoporotic Jawbone Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nedd4L-mediated stabilization of morphogenetic protein receptor 2 in lung fibroblasts confers protection against pulmonary fibrosis.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- BCX9250 is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Activin A Receptor Type 1 (ACVR1/ALK2) for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- Article
- Design and applications of barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Biomaterial-mediated blood clot formation: a key to unlocking osteogenic synergy for bone regeneration.Bone research · 2026Review
- Craniofacial development: genetics, signaling pathways, teratogenic mechanisms, and clinal significance.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Angiogenic and Osteogenic Strategies for Skeletal Regeneration in Aging.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026Review
- Osteogenic differentiation of gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts inhibits osteoclast formation in 2D and 3D fibrin cultures.Bone reports · 2026Article
- Bone transcriptomics reveals that juzentaihoto remodels and activates multiple pathways in Klotho-deficient mice.Bone reports · 2026Article
- Regulating Cells Fate and Function to Facilitate Bone Regeneration via Designing Programmable Bio-Interactive Materials.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- A Functional TGF-β/Smad Assay for Targeted Profiling of Demineralized Bone Matrix-Derived Allograft Bioactivity.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Manifestations of Ligand Bias in Signaling: Focus on Receptor Tyrosine Kinases.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Transforming growth factor-β1 promotes initiation of entheseal pathological bone formation via osteonectin induction in ankylosing spondylitis.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Gingiva-Derived Decellularised Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Supports Osteogenic and Angiogenic Phenotypes of 3D STRO-1International dental journal · 2026Article
- BMP9-Smad1/5/9 Signalling Mediates Osteogenic Differentiation and Alveolar Bone Remodelling in hPDLFs.International dental journal · 2026Article
856 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs, acting on a tetrameric receptor complex, transduce signals to both the canonical Smad-dependent signaling pathway (that is, TGF-β/BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical-Smad-independent signaling pathway (that is, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38 MAPK) to regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation during skeletal development, bone formation and bone homeostasis. Both the Smad and p38 MAPK signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, for example, Runx2 to promote osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte differentiation from mesenchymal precursor cells. TGF-β and BMP signaling is controlled by multiple factors, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system, epigenetic factors, and microRNA. Dysregulated TGF-β and BMP signaling result in a number of bone disorders in humans. Knockout or mutation of TGF-β and BMP signaling-related genes in mice leads to bone abnormalities of varying severity, which enable a better understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and the signaling networks underlying osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. There is also crosstalk between TGF-β/BMP signaling and several critical cytokines' signaling pathways (for example, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, PTHrP, and FGF) to coordinate osteogenesis, skeletal development, and bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte differentiation, skeletal development, cartilage formation, bone formation, bone homeostasis, and related human bone diseases caused by the disruption of TGF-β/BMP signaling.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.