Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2017
Trimethylamine-N-oxide and its biological variations in vegetarians.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Review
- Unraveling COPD pathogenesis: a multi-omics approach to identify metabolites and genetic links.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An NMR-Based Metabolic Signature to Identify Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Biopsy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Pathophysiological and Clinical Potential of Human Microbiome: Microbe-based Therapeutic Insights.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Blood plasma trimethylamine N-oxide and related metabolites and asthenozoospermia odds: a hospital-based matched case-control study in China.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- Unraveling the intricate dance of the Mediterranean diet and gut microbiota in autoimmune resilience.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide Concentration and Blood Pressure in Young Healthy Men and Women: A Replicated Crossover Study.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Effect of a Vegan Diet on Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Influence of Animal- or Plant-Based Diets on Blood and Urine Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels in Humans.Current nutrition reports · 2022Review
- Biological variation of major gut-derived uremic toxins in the serum of healthy adult cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in human health.EXCLI journal · 2021Review
- Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Its Precursors: Population Epidemiology, Parent-Child Concordance, and Associations with Reported Dietary Intake in 11- to 12-Year-Old Children and Their Parents.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Article
- Concomitant memantine andAging · 2020Article
- Article
- Urinary volatile metabolites of amygdala-kindled mice reveal novel biomarkers associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Gut Microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Review
- The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2018Article
- The Role of Gut Microbiota and Diet on Uremic Retention Solutes Production in the Context of Chronic Kidney Disease.Toxins · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRestriction of animal foods and choline may affect plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). In vegetarians, we investigated the association between TMAO concentrations and the strictness of the diet or sex. We also studied the biological variations of TMAO in vegans.
methodsConcentrations of plasma TMAO and choline metabolites were measured in 38 vegans and 67 lacto-ovo-vegetarians (group 1: mean age ± SD = 50 ± 15 years). Group 2 consisted of 66 vegans (29.2 ± 7.3 years) that was tested twice within 3 months of intervention with vitamin B12 or a placebo.
resultsIn group 1, plasma TMAO did not differ according to the strictness of the diet (both means 3.7 µmol/L). In lacto-ovo-vegetarians, men had higher TMAO and betaine, but lower trimethylamine than women. In group 2, the intervention with vitamin B12 had no effect on plasma TMAO or choline metabolites. The mean within-subject change of TMAO within 3 months was -0.3 (95 % confidence intervals = -0.7-0.1 µmol/L). TMAO increased after 3 months (mean 1.7 to 2.8 µmol/L) in vegans with a lower baseline dimethylglycine (2.2 µmol/L), while it declined (from 2.7 to 1.9 µmol/L) in vegans with a higher dimethylglycine (3.1 µmol/L). The intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.819 for TMAO, 0.885 for betaine and 0.860 for dimethylglycine.
conclusionsPlasma TMAO was not related to the strictness of the vegetarian diet. Metabolisms of TMAO and dimethylglycine are interrelated. Intra-individual variations of TMAO are low in vegans. Changes of fasting plasma TMAO >80 % upon retesting are likely to exceed the biological variations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.