ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2016
Novel GM-CSF-based vaccines: One small step in GM-CSF gene optimization, one giant leap for human vaccines.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- A SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived adjuvant peptide boosts IL-17/IFN-γ immunity and improves anti-PD-L1 therapy against melanoma.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Advances in nanotechnology-enabled adjuvants for peptide-based cancer vaccines.Nano research · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics-guided decoding of the Ancylostoma duodenale genome for the identification of potential vaccine targets.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Harnessing immunotherapeutic molecules and diagnostic biomarkers as human-derived adjuvants for MERS-CoV vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Regulation of cancer stem cells and immunotherapy of glioblastoma (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma vaccines: past, present, and opportunities.EBioMedicine · 2024Review
- Engineering Challenges and Opportunities in Autologous Cellular Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
- Functional Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Delivered by Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells Persistently Infected with Engineered Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Peptide-Based Vaccine against Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Prospects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Development of Oncolytic Vectors Based on Human Adenovirus Type 6 for Cancer Treatment.Viruses · 2023Article
- Rationale for the Use of Homologous Recombination Proficient Molecular Profile as a Biomarker for Therapeutic Targeting in Ovarian Cancer.Oncology reviews · 2023Article
- TheiScience · 2022Article
- Plasma interleukin-7 correlation with human immunodeficiency virus RNA and CD4+ T cell counts, and interleukin-5 with circulating hepatitis B virus DNA may have implications in viral control.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Knockdown expression of a MYB-related transcription factor gene, OsMYBS2, enhances production of recombinant proteins in rice suspension cells.Plant methods · 2021Article
- Chemoradiation and granulocyte-colony or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF or GM-CSF): time to think out of the box?The British journal of radiology · 2020Review
- Highly efficient and tumor-selective nanoparticles for dual-targeted immunogene therapy against cancer.Science advances · 2020Article
- Article
- Delivery of nitric oxide with a nanocarrier promotes tumour vessel normalization and potentiates anti-cancer therapies.Nature nanotechnology · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a potent immunomodulatory cytokine that is known to facilitate vaccine efficacy by promoting the development and prolongation of both humoral and cellular immunity. In the past years we have generated a novel codon-optimized GM-CSF gene as an adjuvant. The codon-optimized GM-CSF gene significantly increased protein expression levels in all cells tested and helped in generating a strong immune responses against HIV-1 Gag and HPV-associated cancer. Here, we review the literature dealing with the adjuvant activity of GM-CSF both in animal models and clinical trials. We anticipate that the codon-optimized GM-CSF gene offers a practical molecular strategy for potentiating immune responses to tumor cell-based vaccinations as well as other immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.