ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
Minimally Mutated HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to Guide Reductionist Vaccine Design.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Precise targeting of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Trial
- Vaccine elicitation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies from genome-edited B cells in non-human primates and derived lymphoid organoids.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Rapid boosting increases germinal center responses to sequential vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Local antibody feedback enforces a checkpoint on affinity maturation in the germinal center and promotes epitope spreading.Immunity · 2026Article
- The Germline Targeting Vaccine Concept: Overview and Updates from HIV Pre-Clinical and Clinical Trials.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Antibody feedback establishes an affinity brake in the germinal center.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein: structure, function and interactions with neutralizing antibodies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors to the Apex epitope induced in nonhuman primates.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Structural insights into VRC01-class bnAb precursors with diverse light chains elicited in the IAVI G001 human vaccine trial.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- An engineered immunogen activates diverse HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors and promotes acquisition of improbable mutations.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Minimal framework for optimizing vaccination protocols targeting highly mutable pathogens.Physical review. E · 2024Article
- Engineering immunogens that select for specific mutations in HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Human antibody polyreactivity is governed primarily by the heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Estimates of Sequences with Ultralong and Short CDR3s in the Bovine IgM B Cell Receptor Repertoire Using the Long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION Platform.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Article
- Germline-targeting HIV vaccination induces neutralizing antibodies to the CD4 binding site.Science immunology · 2024Article
- Heterologous prime-boost vaccination drives early maturation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humanized mice.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- mRNA-LNP HIV-1 trimer boosters elicit precursors to broad neutralizing antibodies.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
24 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
An optimal HIV vaccine should induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that neutralize diverse viral strains and subtypes. However, potent bnAbs develop in only a small fraction of HIV-infected individuals, all contain rare features such as extensive mutation, insertions, deletions, and/or long complementarity-determining regions, and some are polyreactive, casting doubt on whether bnAbs to HIV can be reliably induced by vaccination. We engineered two potent VRC01-class bnAbs that minimized rare features. According to a quantitative features frequency analysis, the set of features for one of these minimally mutated bnAbs compared favorably with all 68 HIV bnAbs analyzed and was similar to antibodies elicited by common vaccines. This same minimally mutated bnAb lacked polyreactivity in four different assays. We then divided the minimal mutations into spatial clusters and dissected the epitope components interacting with those clusters, by mutational and crystallographic analyses coupled with neutralization assays. Finally, by synthesizing available data, we developed a working-concept boosting strategy to select the mutation clusters in a logical order following a germline-targeting prime. We have thus developed potent HIV bnAbs that may be more tractable vaccine goals compared to existing bnAbs, and we have proposed a strategy to elicit them. This reductionist approach to vaccine design, guided by antibody and antigen structure, could be applied to design candidate vaccines for other HIV bnAbs or protective Abs against other pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.