ReviewFrontiers in immunology2016
ICOS Co-Stimulation: Friend or Foe?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 284 citations in OpenAlex.
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- INDUCE-3: A Randomized Phase II/III Study of First-line Feladilimab plus Pembrolizumab in Patients with Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- First-in-human study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ALPN-101, a dual CD28/ICOS antagonist, in healthy adult subjects.Clinical and translational science · 2021Trial
- Age but not sex modifies lymphoid immune responses in murine sepsis.Research square · 2026Article
- First-in-human, phase 1, open-label study of alomfilimab, an anti-ICOS antibody, as a single agent and in combination with anti-PD-L1 in advanced malignancies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- ICOSMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Integrative analysis of T cell subset-specific ICOS expression and tumor HLA class I/II expression in lung adenocarcinoma: implications for their interaction and clinical outcome.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Analysis of CCR9, CXCR5 and ICOS in Circulating Follicular Helper T Cell-like Populations in Sjögren's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Inducible Costimulator and Its Ligand Promote Proliferation and Migration of Tumor Cells in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immune Responses toJournal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator (ICOS) and ICOS Ligand: Dealing With a Two-Faced Cancer Immunoregulatory System.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- PI3K/AKT signaling in parasites and parasite diseases: Role and therapeutic potential.Virulence · 2025Review
- ICOSL: more than a trigger of ICOS function.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- CD28 and ICOS in immune regulation: Structural insights and therapeutic targeting.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Review
- Premastication-Review of an Infant Feeding Practice and Its Potential Impact on Allergy and Microbiome Development.Allergy · 2025Review
- NFATc1 regulates LAG3+CD8+ T cells in the spleen of mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii NSM.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- ICOS regulates IL-10 production in group 2 innate lymphoid cells via cholesterol and cortisol biosynthesis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Integrating Primary and Metastatic scRNA-Seq and Bulk Data to Develop an Immune-Based Prognosis Signature for Colorectal Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Discordant CAR-T cell signaling: implications of divergence from physiological T cell activation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Targeted degradation of sICOSL reverses cytotoxic T cells dysfunction.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Article
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) has been implicated in various immune outcomes, including the induction and regulation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 immunity. In addition to its role in directing effector T cell differentiation, ICOS has also been consistently linked with the induction of thymus-dependent (TD) antibody (Ab) responses and the germinal center (GC) reaction. ICOS co-stimulation, therefore, appears to play a complex role in dictating the course of adaptive immunity. In this article, we summarize the initial characterization of ICOS and its relationship with the related co-stimulatory molecule CD28. We then address the contribution of ICOS in directing an effector T cell response, and ultimately disease outcome, against various bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. Next, we assess ICOS in the context of TD Ab responses, connecting ICOS signaling to follicular helper T cell differentiation and its role in the GC reaction. Finally, we address the link between ICOS and human autoimmune disorders and evaluate potential therapies aiming to mitigate disease progression by modulating ICOS signaling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.