ArticleScientific reports2016
Relative vascular permeability and vascularity across different regions of the rat nasal mucosa: implications for nasal physiology and drug delivery.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intranasal Midazolam versus Rectal Diazepam for the Management of Canine Status Epilepticus: A Multicenter Randomized Parallel-Group Clinical Trial.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2017Trial
- Effects of Regular and Long-Acting Insulin on Cognition and Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers: A Pilot Clinical Trial.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2017 · on this mapTrial
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Toward an NGF-based therapy for Rett syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Intranasal biomaterials for treatment-resistant depression: device-formulation coupling and therapeutic exposure.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Intranasal AβJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Improving Ex Vivo Nasal Mucosa Experimental Design for Drug Permeability Assessments: Correcting Mucosal Thickness Interference and Reevaluating Fluorescein Sodium as an Integrity Marker for Chemically Induced Mucosal Injury.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Viral Etiologies and Histopathological Features of Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Nose-to-brain drug delivery: from bench to bedside.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Intranasal amyloid model of Alzheimer's disease - potential opportunities and challenges.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Fc-engineered large molecules targeting blood-brain barrier transferrin receptor and CD98hc have distinct central nervous system and peripheral biodistribution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Optimization of Glyburide-loaded NanosuspensionsCurrent pharmaceutical design · 2025Article
- Quantification of Budesonide Retained in the Sinonasal Cavity After High-Volume Saline Irrigation in Post-Operative Chronic Rhinosinusitis.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2024Observational
- Utility of a Novel Micro-Spraying Device for Intranasal Administration of Drug Solutions to Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Intranasal delivery of full-length anti-Nogo-A antibody: A potential alternative route for therapeutic antibodies to central nervous system targets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Research progress in brain-targeted nasal drug delivery.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Targeting neuroinflammation by intranasal delivery of nanoparticles in neurological diseases: a comprehensive review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Review
- Pharmacokinetics study of chitosan-coated liposomes containing sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol Following Intranasal, Intrarectal, and Oral Administration in Healthy Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Intranasal administration of the chemotherapeutic perillyl alcohol results in selective delivery to the cerebrospinal fluid in rats.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intranasal administration provides a non-invasive drug delivery route that has been proposed to target macromolecules either to the brain via direct extracellular cranial nerve-associated pathways or to the periphery via absorption into the systemic circulation. Delivering drugs to nasal regions that have lower vascular density and/or permeability may allow more drug to access the extracellular cranial nerve-associated pathways and therefore favor delivery to the brain. However, relative vascular permeabilities of the different nasal mucosal sites have not yet been reported. Here, we determined that the relative capillary permeability to hydrophilic macromolecule tracers is significantly greater in nasal respiratory regions than in olfactory regions. Mean capillary density in the nasal mucosa was also approximately 5-fold higher in nasal respiratory regions than in olfactory regions. Applying capillary pore theory and normalization to our permeability data yielded mean pore diameter estimates ranging from 13-17 nm for the nasal respiratory vasculature compared to <10 nm for the vasculature in olfactory regions. The results suggest lymphatic drainage for CNS immune responses may be favored in olfactory regions due to relatively lower clearance to the bloodstream. Lower blood clearance may also provide a reason to target the olfactory area for drug delivery to the brain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.