ArticleThorax2016
Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner.
Article in Thorax, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 191 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
191 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 339 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of quantitative and functional lung imaging evidence of vaping-related lung injury.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies.The European respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
- Acute Effect of E-Cigarette Inhalation on Mucociliary Clearance in E-Cigarette Users.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2024Trial
- Effects of Electronic Cigarette Constituents on the Human Lung: A Pilot Clinical Trial.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Trial
- Acute Effects of Electronic Cigarette Inhalation on the Vasculature and the Conducting Airways.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2019Trial
- Acute respiratory responses to the use of e-cigarette: an intervention study.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- The genetics of smoking in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Respiratory research · 2018Trial
- Preclinical models of COPD: a state of the art review.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- E-cigarette exposure triggers distal lung cell injury, persistent lung stress response, and antiviral immune suppression.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Vaping-related lung disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Emerging multisystem disease mechanisms of e-cigarette vaping on human health.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem Cells Fail to Recover Full Osteogenic Differentiation Potential Following Washout of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extracts.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Electronic Cigarette Exposures Impair Respiratory Function and Structure in the Female Apoe-/- Mouse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Article
- Vaping induces a marked pro-inflammatory state within the lung, which is at least partially due to its immunomodulatory effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- E-cigarette exposure and CDP choline modulate withdrawal- induced anxiety and hormonal levels in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vaping versus smoking: a quest for long-term impact in a mouse model.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe use of electronic (e)-cigarettes is increasing rapidly, but their lung health effects are not established. Clinical studies examining the potential long-term impact of e-cigarette use on lung health will take decades. To address this gap in knowledge, this study investigated the effects of exposure to aerosolised nicotine-free and nicotine-containing e-cigarette fluid on mouse lungs and normal human airway epithelial cells.
methodsMice were exposed to aerosolised phosphate-buffered saline, nicotine-free or nicotine-containing e-cigarette solution, 1-hour daily for 4 months. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells cultured at an air-liquid interface were exposed to e-cigarette vapours or nicotine solutions using a Vitrocell smoke exposure robot.
resultsInhalation of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes increased airway hyper-reactivity, distal airspace enlargement, mucin production, cytokine and protease expression. Exposure to nicotine-free e-cigarettes did not affect these lung parameters. NHBE cells exposed to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapour showed impaired ciliary beat frequency, airway surface liquid volume, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and ATP-stimulated K+ ion conductance and decreased expression of FOXJ1 and KCNMA1. Exposure of NHBE cells to nicotine for 5 days increased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion.
conclusionsExposure to inhaled nicotine-containing e-cigarette fluids triggered effects normally associated with the development of COPD including cytokine expression, airway hyper-reactivity and lung tissue destruction. These effects were nicotine-dependent both in the mouse lung and in human airway cells, suggesting that inhaled nicotine contributes to airway and lung disease in addition to its addictive properties. Thus, these findings highlight the potential dangers of nicotine inhalation during e-cigarette use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.