ArticleThe Journal of general virology2016
Influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein prolongs viral shedding in chickens lengthening the transmission window.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Computational Insights into PB1-F2 Mediated Modulation of VDAC1: An Allosteric Mechanism in Mitochondrial Dysfunction.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Evaluating how infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection influences influenza H3N8 challenge in chickens.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Investigating factors driving shifts in subtype dominance within H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Dominant HPAIV H5N1 genotypes of Germany 2021/2022 are linked to high virulence in Pekin ducklings.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Modelling the transmission dynamics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in a live bird market.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genomic characterization of equine influenza A subtype H3N8 viruses by long read sequencing and functional analyses of the PB1-F2 virulence factor of A/equine/Paris/1/2018.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- The role of PB1-F2 in adaptation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H7N7 in chickens.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Mapping the interaction sites of human and avian influenza A viruses and complement factor H.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Existing Evidence for Influenza B Virus Adaptations to Drive Replication in Humans as the Primary Host.Viruses · 2023Review
- Antigenic Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies for Therapeutic Use against H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Comparison of PB1-F2 Proximity Interactomes Reveals Functional Differences between a Human and an Avian Influenza Virus.Viruses · 2023Article
- The Origin of Internal Genes Contributes to the Replication and Transmission Fitness of H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Phylogenetic analysis, molecular changes, and adaptation to chickens of Mexican lineage H5N2 low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses from 1994 to 2019.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Coinfection of Chickens with H9N2 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses Leads to Emergence of Reassortant H9N9 Virus with Increased Fitness for Poultry and a Zoonotic Potential.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Molecular epidemiology and pathogenicity of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in clinically affected chickens on farms in Bangladesh.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Study of the host specificity of PB1-F2-associated virulence.Virulence · 2021Article
- Complement Decay-Accelerating Factor is a modulator of influenza A virus lung immunopathology.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- PA-X is an avian virulence factor in H9N2 avian influenza virus.The Journal of general virology · 2021Article
- Identification of H3N2 NA and PB1-F2 genetic variants and their association with disease symptoms during the 2014-15 influenza season.Virus evolution · 2021Article
- Adsorptive mutation and N-linked glycosylation modulate influenza virus antigenicity and fitness.Emerging microbes & infections · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Avian influenza is a significant economic burden on the poultry industry in geographical regions where it is enzootic. It also poses a public health concern when avian influenza subtypes infect humans, often with high mortality. Understanding viral genetic factors which positively contribute to influenza A virus (IAV) fitness - infectivity, spread and pathogenesis - is of great importance both for human and livestock health. PB1-F2 is a small accessory protein encoded by IAV and in mammalian hosts has been implicated in a wide range of functions that contribute to increased pathogenesis. In the avian host, the protein has been understudied despite high-level full-length conservation in avian IAV isolates, which is in contrast to the truncations of the PB1-F2 length frequently found in mammalian host isolates. Here we report that the presence of a full-length PB1-F2 protein, from a low pathogenicity H9N2 avian influenza virus, prolongs infectious virus shedding from directly inoculated chickens, thereby enhancing transmission of the virus by lengthening the transmission window to contact birds. As well as extending transmission, the presence of a full-length PB1-F2 suppresses pathogenicity evidenced by an increased minimum lethal dose in embryonated chicken eggs and increasing survival in directly infected birds when compared to a virus lacking an ORF for PB1-F2. We propose that there is a positive pressure to maintain a full-length functional PB1-F2 protein upon infection of avian hosts as it contributes to the effective transmission of IAV in the field.
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