ArticleJournal of biomedical science2016
A phase I clinical study of immunotherapy for advanced colorectal cancers using carcinoembryonic antigen-pulsed dendritic cells mixed with tetanus toxoid and subsequent IL-2 treatment.
Article in Journal of biomedical science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00154713 (A Phase I/II Clinical Study of Immunotherapy for Advanced Colorectal Cancers Using CEA-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Mixed With Tetanus Toxoid and Subsequent IL-2 Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II Clinical Study of Immunotherapy for Advanced Colorectal Cancers Using CEA-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Mixed With Tetanus Toxoid and Subsequent IL-2 Treatment
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: Advances, Challenges, and Emerging Strategies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Recent research progress and clinical status of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Current Progress in the Science of Novel Adjuvant Nano-Vaccine-Induced Protective Immune Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- CEA vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Role of Interleukins in Inflammation-Mediated Tumor Immune Microenvironment Modulation in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Review
- Impact of cytotoxic T lymphocytes immunotherapy on prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Advances in Human Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy Against Gastrointestinal Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of Tackling Tumor-Induced Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Role of hypoxia in inhibiting dendritic cells by VEGF signaling in tumor microenvironments: mechanism and application.American journal of cancer research · 2021Review
- Perspectives on Immunotherapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Review
- The Role of Interleukins in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2020Review
- Potential Vaccines for Treating Crohn's DiseaseIranian biomedical journal · 2020Review
- Molecular Aspects and Future Perspectives of Cytokine-Based Anti-cancer Immunotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Immune Dysfunctions and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Dendritic Cells.Cancers · 2019Review
- Tumor-related interleukins: old validated targets for new anti-cancer drug development.Molecular cancer · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo better evaluate and improve the efficacy of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy, we conducted a clinical study of patients with advanced colorectal cancer using carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-pulsed DCs mixed with tetanus toxoid and subsequent interleukin-2 treatment. The tetanus toxoid in the vaccine preparation serves as an adjuvant and provides a non-tumor specific immune response to enhance vaccine efficacy. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the toxicity of this treatment, (2) observe the clinical responses of vaccinated patients, and (3) investigate the immune responses of patients against CEA before and after treatment.
methodsTwelve patients were recruited and treated in this phase I clinical study. These patients all had metastatic colorectal cancer and failed standard chemotherapy. We first subcutaneously immunized patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with 1 × 10(6) CEA-pulsed DCs mixed with tetanus toxoid as an adjuvant. Patients received 3 successive injections with 1 × 10(6) CEA-pulsed DCs alone. Low-dose interleukin-2 was administered subcutaneously following the final DC vaccination to boost the growth of T cells. Patients were evaluated for adverse event and clinical status. Blood samples collected before, during, and after treatment were analyzed for T cell proliferation responses against CEA.
resultsNo severe treatment-related side effects or toxicity was observed in patients who received the regular 4 DC vaccine injections. Two patients had stable disease and 10 patients showed disease progression. A statistically significant increase in proliferation against CEA by T cells collected after vaccination was observed in 2 of 9 patients.
conclusionsThe results of this study indicate that it is feasible and safe to treat colorectal cancer patients using this protocol. An increase in the anti-CEA immune response and a clinical benefit was observed in a small fraction of patients. This treatment protocol should be further evaluated in additional colorectal cancer patients with modifications to enhance T cell responses.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT00154713 ), September 8, 2005.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.