ArticleBMC public health2016
The risk of late or advanced presentation of HIV infected patients is still high, associated factors evolve but impact on overall mortality is vanishing over calendar years: results from the Italian MASTER Cohort.
Article in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03696160 (An Open-Label, Multi-Centre, Randomised Study to Investigate Integrase Inhibitor Versus Boosted Protease Inhibitor Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients With Advanced HIV Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-Label, Multi-Centre, Randomised Study to Investigate Integrase Inhibitor Versus Boosted Protease Inhibitor Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients With Advanced HIV Disease
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tracing the patterns of HIV-1 transmission among people with different diagnosis status in Greece.Virus research · 2026Article
- Risk factors for late HIV diagnosis in England, 2015-2023.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in People Living with HIV Who Present to Care with AIDS or Severe Immunodeficiency: The CoRIS AIDS Survivors Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- Treatment of Advanced HIV in the Modern Era.Drugs · 2025Review
- Are people with HIV at advanced disease stages being left behind? A global survey.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Association between late access to care and mortality for PWH: insights from the French Hospital Database on HIV (ANRS CO4-FHDH) from 2002 to 2016.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of women with HIV in the RESPOND cohort: A descriptive analysis and comparison to men.HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Rapid-progressing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in two patients newly diagnosed with HIV: case series and review of literature.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Review
- HIV Late Presenters in Asia: Management and Public Health Challenges.AIDS research and treatment · 2023Review
- Article
- [Rapidly progressive dementia as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus infection].Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2022Article
- Trends of late HIV presentation and advance HIV disease among newly diagnosed HIV cases in Jiangsu, China: A serial cross-sectional study from 2008 to 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Hepatitis C Co-infection in People Living With HIV-Epidemiologic Differences Between Men Who Have Sex With Men MSM and Non-MSM.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- A Lower CD4 Count Predicts Most Causes of Death except Cardiovascular Deaths. The Austrian HIV Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Epidemiological risk factors associated with primary infection by Epstein-Barr virus in HIV-1-positive subjects in the Brazilian Amazon region.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Decrease in late presentation for HIV care in Kinshasa, DRC, 2006-2020.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Article
- Impact of Advanced HIV Disease on Quality of Life and Mortality in the Era of Combined Antiretroviral Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Late presentation for HIV remains a major health issue in Spain: Results from a multicenter cohort study, 2004-2018.PloS one · 2021Article
- Determinants and Outcomes of Late Presentation of HIV Infection in Migrants in Catalonia, Spain: PISCIS Cohort 2004-2016.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed at evaluating frequency and factors associated with late presentation and advanced HIV disease and excess risk of death due to these conditions from 1985 to 2013 among naïve HIV infected patients enrolled in the Italian MASTER Cohort.
methodsAll antiretroviral naive adults with available CD4+ T cell count after diagnosis of HIV infection were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis investigated factors associated either with late presentation or advanced HIV disease. Probabilities of survival were estimated both at year-1 and at year-5 according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Flexible parametric models were used to evaluate changes in risk of death overtime according to late presentation and advanced HIV disease. The analyses were stratified for calendar periods.
results19,391 patients were included (54 % were late presenters and 37.6 % were advanced presenters). At multivariable analysis, the following factors were positively associated with late presentation: male gender (OR = 1.29), older age (≥55 years vs. <25 years; OR = 7.45), migration (OR = 1.54), and heterosexual risk factor for HIV acquisition (OR = 1.52) or IDU (OR = 1.27) compared to homosexual risk. Survival rates at year-5 increased steadily and reached 92.1 % for late presenters vs. 97.4 % for non-late presenters enrolled in the period 2004-2009. Using flexible parametric models we found a sustained reduction of hazard ratios over time for any cause deaths between late and non-late presenters over time. Similar results were found for advanced HIV disease.
conclusionScreening polices need to be urgently implemented, particularly in most-at-risk categories for late presentation, such as migrants, older patients and those with heterosexual intercourse or IDU as risk factors for HIV acquisition. Although in recent years the impact of late presentation on survival decreased, about 10 % of patients diagnosed in more recent years remains at increased risk of death over a long-term follow-up.
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