Trial reportThe Angle orthodontist2017
Speech effects of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers by acoustic analysis: A single-center randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in The Angle orthodontist, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of the effect of clear twin block and traditional twin block on speech: a randomized clinical trial.The Angle orthodontist · 2024Trial
- Masticatory muscle activity and oral health-related quality of life in patients wearing clear thermoplastic versus wrap-around retainers : A randomized controlled trial.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2024Trial
- Comparison of speech changes caused by four different orthodontic retainers: a crossover randomized clinical trial.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2024Trial
- A two-year comparative assessment of retention of arch width increases between modified vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers: a multi-center randomized clinical trial.Progress in orthodontics · 2022Trial
- Effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and fixed appliances on speech.The Angle orthodontist · 2021Trial
- The relationship between malocclusion and speech patterns: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Assessing the Impact of Removable Orthodontic Retainers on Oral Health Related Quality of Life: Non-Randomized Clinical Trial.Frontiers in dentistry · 2025Article
- Direct 3D-Printed Orthodontic Retainers. A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A survey of patient compliance with removable orthodontic retainer wear in Brunei Darussalam.BDJ open · 2023Article
- Vacuum-Formed Retainers Versus Lingual-Bonded Retainers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Stability of Treatment Outcomes in Orthodontically Treated Patients.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2022Article
- Article
- Orthodontic retention protocols: an evidence-based overview.British dental journal · 2021Article
- The Behavior of Two Types of Upper Removable Retainers-Our Clinical Experience.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Comparison of Dentoskeletal Changes, Esthetic, and Functional Efficacy of Conventional and Novel Esthetic Twin Block Appliances among Class II Growing Patients: A Pilot Study.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2020Article
- Level of satisfaction in the use of the wraparound Hawley and thermoplastic maxillary retainers.The Angle orthodontist · 2020Article
- Development of a clinical practice guideline for orthodontic retention.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the effects of alteration on speech articulation of adult patients between Hawley retainers and vacuum-formed retainers by an objective acoustic analysis of vowels and voiceless fricatives. MATERIALS AND
methodsTwenty adults, aged 19.0-29.0 years, who had just finished active orthodontic treatment were included in this study. They were divided into a Hawley retainer group and a vacuum-formed retainer group by sortation randomization method. The assessment of speech sounds was performed objectively using acoustic analysis before and after retainer application at the following time points: before wearing (T0), immediately after wearing (T1), and at 24 hours (T2), 1 week (T3), 1 month (T4), and 3 months (T5).
resultsThe production of /з:/, /i:/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, and /∫/ sounds for the Hawley retainer group and /i:/, /θ/, /s/, and /∫/ sounds for the vacuum-formed retainer group showed severe speech impairment according to acoustic analysis (P < .05). A comparison of the Hawley retainer group with the vacuum-formed retainer group revealed that the performance of /i:/, /f/, and /s/ sounds were significantly different (P < .05).
conclusionAlthough sound distortion could be found in both the Hawley retainer group and the vacuum-formed retainer group, changes in articulation were more obvious in the Hawley retainer group.
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