ReviewBBA clinical2016
The broken "Off" switch in cancer signaling: PP2A as a regulator of tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and immune surveillance.
Review in BBA clinical, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Article
- PR55α subunit of protein phosphatase 2A supports KRASOncogene · 2025Article
- Sphingosine simultaneously inhibits nuclear import and activates PP2A by binding importins and PPP2R1A.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- DNA-methylation eraser TET2 activates WTIP expression to suppress an AKT-dependent chemoresistance of gastric cancer.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Spatial Transcriptomics Shows a Distinctive Tumour Microenvironment in the Invasive Versus Premalignant Portion of Early Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- PP2A Attenuates Thoracic Aneurysm and Dissection in Mouse Models of Marfan Syndrome.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Protein phosphatases in systemic autoimmunity.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2025Review
- Effect of Propolis on PPP2R1A and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells.Biochemistry research international · 2025Article
- PP2Ac Regulates Autophagy via Mediating mTORC1 and ULK1 During Osteoclastogenesis in the Subchondral Bone of Osteoarthritis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The PP2A regulatory subunit PPP2R2A controls NADCell reports · 2024Article
- MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Genome-wide association analyses of ovarian cancer patients undergoing primary debulking surgery identify candidate genes for residual disease.NPJ genomic medicine · 2024Article
- The role of APOBEC3B in lung tumor evolution and targeted cancer therapy resistance.Nature genetics · 2024Article
- Phosphopeptide Neoantigens as Emerging Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of cancer immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Protein phosphatase 2A: a high-value target of virulence factors.Trends in parasitology · 2023Article
- Unraveling MYC's Role in Orchestrating Tumor Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment Interactions Driving Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2023Review
- PME-1 sensitizes glioblastoma cells to oxidative stress-induced cell death by attenuating PP2A-B55α-mediated inactivation of MAPKAPK2-RIPK1 signaling.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- Small-Molecule-Mediated Stabilization of PP2A Modulates the Homologous Recombination Pathway and Potentiates DNA Damage-Induced Cell Death.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2023Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aberrant activation of signal transduction pathways can transform a normal cell to a malignant one and can impart survival properties that render cancer cells resistant to therapy. A diverse set of cascades have been implicated in various cancers including those mediated by serine/threonine kinases such RAS, PI3K/AKT, and PKC. Signal transduction is a dynamic process involving both "On" and "Off" switches. Activating mutations of RAS or PI3K can be viewed as the switch being stuck in the "On" position resulting in continued signaling by a survival and/or proliferation pathway. On the other hand, inactivation of protein phosphatases such as the PP2A family can be seen as the defective "Off" switch that similarly can activate these pathways. A problem for therapeutic targeting of PP2A is that the enzyme is a hetero-trimer and thus drug targeting involves complex structures. More importantly, since PP2A isoforms generally act as tumor suppressors one would want to activate these enzymes rather than suppress them. The elucidation of the role of cellular inhibitors like SET and CIP2A in cancer suggests that targeting these proteins can have therapeutic efficacy by mechanisms involving PP2A activation. Furthermore, drugs such as FTY-720 can activate PP2A isoforms directly. This review will cover the current state of knowledge of PP2A role as a tumor suppressor in cancer cells and as a mediator of processes that can impact drug resistance and immune surveillance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.