Observational studyJournal of diabetes science and technology2017
Comparison of an Electronic Glycemic Management System Versus Provider-Managed Subcutaneous Basal Bolus Insulin Therapy in the Hospital Setting.
Observational study in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electronic Glycemic Management Systems Versus Conventional Insulin Infusion Protocols in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Non-Randomized Studies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Guideline
- Algorithm-guided insulin therapy in hospitalized patients: current evidence, implementation challenges, and future perspectives.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- 16. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Care: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities Ahead.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025Review
- Inpatient Insulin Dosing Calculators.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- A framework for local-level economic evaluation to inform implementation decisions: health service interventions to prevent hospital-acquired hypoglycemia.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2023Article
- AI-supported insulin dosing for type 2 diabetes.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Comparison of Prevailing Insulin Regimens at Different Time Periods in Hospitalized Patients: A Real-World Experience from a Tertiary Hospital.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2022Observational
- Impact of Initial eGlycemic Management System Dosing Strategy on Time to Target Blood Glucose Range.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of an eGlycemic Management System in a Community Hospital Setting.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2021Article
- Caring for Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperglycemia, and COVID-19: Bridging the Remaining Knowledge Gaps.Current diabetes reports · 2020Review
- Review of Intravenous and Subcutaneous Electronic Glucose Management Systems for Inpatient Glycemic Control.Current diabetes reports · 2020Review
- Inpatient Hypoglycemia: The Challenge Remains.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2020Review
- Diabetes Technology in the Inpatient Setting for Management of Hyperglycemia.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2020Review
- Subcutaneous Insulin Dosing Calculators for Inpatient Glucose Control.Current diabetes reports · 2019Review
- Future technology-enabled care for diabetes and hyperglycemia in the hospital setting.World journal of diabetes · 2019Article
- Advancing the Use of CGM Devices in a Non-ICU Setting.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2019Review
- Overcoming barriers to diabetes care in the hospital: The power of qualitative observations to promote positive change.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2019Article
- Comparison of Computer-Guided Versus Standard Insulin Infusion Regimens in Patients With Diabetic Ketoacidosis.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAmerican Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines recommend a basal bolus correction insulin regimen as the preferred method of treatment for non-critically ill hospitalized patients. However, achieving ADA glucose targets safely, without hypoglycemia, is challenging. In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of basal bolus subcutaneous (SubQ) insulin therapy managed by providers compared to a nurse-directed Electronic Glycemic Management System (eGMS).
methodThis retrospective crossover study evaluated 993 non-ICU patients treated with subcutaneous basal bolus insulin therapy managed by a provider compared to an eGMS. Analysis compared therapy outcomes before Glucommander (BGM), during Glucommander (DGM), and after Glucommander (AGM) for all patients. The blood glucose (BG) target was set at 140-180 mg/dL for all groups. The safety of each was evaluated by the following: (1) BG averages, (2) hypoglycemic events <40 and <70 mg/dL, and (3) percentage of BG in target.
resultPercentage of BG in target was BGM 47%, DGM 62%, and AGM 36%. Patients' BGM BG average was 195 mg/dL, DGM BG average was 169 mg/dL, and AGM BG average was 174 mg/dL. Percentage of hypoglycemic events <70 mg/dL was 2.6% BGM, 1.9% DGM, and 2.8% AGM treatment.
conclusionPatients using eGMS in the DGM group achieved improved glycemic control with lower incidence of hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL and <70 mg/dl) compared to both BGM and AGM management with standard treatment. These results suggest that an eGMS can safely maintain glucose control with less hypoglycemia than basal bolus treatment managed by a provider.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.