ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2016
Associations of Premenopausal Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy With Breast Cancer Among Black and White Women: The Carolina Breast Cancer Study, 1993-2001.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Pooled it
- Association between hysterectomy for benign indications and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta- analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Menopausal Estrogen-Alone Therapy and Health Outcomes in Women With and Without Bilateral Oophorectomy: A Randomized Trial.Annals of internal medicine · 2019Trial
- Breast Cancer Risk After Hysterectomy: A Health Insurance Database-Based Analysis.Journal of breast cancer · 2025Article
- Estrogens and breast cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Review
- Associations of tubal ligation and hysterectomy with serum androgen and estrogen metabolites among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Observational
- Investigation of the female infertility risk associated with anti-cancer therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Review
- Hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, and breast cancer risk in a racially diverse prospective cohort study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Longitudinal Changes in Mammographic Density in a Multiethnic Breast Screening Cohort of Postmenopausal Women.The breast journal · 2023Article
- Risk, molecular subtype and prognosis of second primary breast cancer: an analysis based on first primary cancers.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- Premenopausal gynecologic surgery and survival among black and white women with breast cancer.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Black women experience higher rates of hysterectomy than other women in the United States. Although research indicates that premenopausal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy decreases the risk of breast cancer in black women, it remains unclear how hysterectomy without ovary removal affects risk, whether menopausal hormone therapy use attenuates inverse associations, and whether associations vary by cancer subtype. In the population-based, case-control Carolina Breast Cancer Study of invasive breast cancer in 1,391 black (725 cases, 666 controls) and 1,727 white (939 cases, 788 controls) women in North Carolina (1993-2001), we investigated the associations of premenopausal hysterectomy and oophorectomy with breast cancer risk. Compared with no history of premenopausal surgery, bilateral oophorectomy and hysterectomy without oophorectomy were associated with lower odds of breast cancer (for bilateral oophorectomy, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.47, 0.77; for hysterectomy without oophorectomy, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios = 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.55, 0.84). Estimates did not vary by race and were similar for hormone receptor-positive and hormone receptor-negative cancers. Use of estrogen-only menopausal hormone therapy did not attenuate the associations. Premenopausal hysterectomy, even without ovary removal, may reduce the long-term risk of hormone receptor-positive and hormone receptor-negative breast cancers. Varying rates of hysterectomy are a potentially important contributor to differences in breast cancer incidence among racial/ethnic groups.
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