Trial reportPsychopharmacology2016
Unstuck in time: episodic future thinking reduces delay discounting and cigarette smoking.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 143 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Episodic Future Thinking Intervention Targeting Loss Aversion and Cigarette Smoking
Further Forward: Future Thinking to Improve Parent-Child Relationships
Peer Delivered Episodic Future Thinking to Improve MOUD Treatment Engagement Among Returning Citizens - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Parent-Child Memory Study: Improving Future Thinking Among Mothers From a Traditionally Underserved Community to Reduce Harsh Parenting and Improve Child Outcomes - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Structural Racism, Neurocognition in Reward Related Decision Making and Substance Use Risk
Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imagining the future can shape the present: A systematic review of the impact of episodic future thinking on substance use outcomes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024Pooled it
- Measuring Sexual Risk-Taking: A Systematic Review of the Sexual Delay Discounting Task.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Delay discounting and narcissism: A meta-analysis with implications for narcissistic personality disorder.Personality disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Deprivation Has Inconsistent Effects on Delay Discounting: A Review.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2019Pooled it
- Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Is episodic future thinking effective in mitigating the influence of time preference in time trade-off?The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Trial
- A Novel Smartphone-Based Intervention Aimed at Increasing Future Orientation via the Future Self: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Prototype Application.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Trial
- Income shock increases preferences for smaller immediate rewards and reduces alcohol demand among a sample of crowd-sourced adults.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Episodic future thinking and compassion reduce non-compliance urges regarding public health guidelines: a randomised controlled trial.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Initial evaluation of domain-specific episodic future thinking on delay discounting and cannabis use.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Episodic Future Thinking about Smoking-Related Illness: A Preliminary Investigation of Effects on Delay Discounting, Cigarette Craving, and Cigarette Demand.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Future thinking to decrease real-world drinking in alcohol use disorder: Repairing reinforcer pathology in a randomized proof-of-concept trial.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Latent Heterogeneity in the Impact of Financial Coaching on Delay Discounting among Low-Income Smokers: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Effects of episodic future thinking on reinforcement pathology during smoking cessation treatment among individuals with substance use disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Effects of mental simulation of future waterpipe tobacco smoking on attitudes, perceived harms and intended use among young adults.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Trial
- Brief inductions in episodic past or future thinking: effects on episodic detail and problem-solving.Cognitive processing · 2022Trial
- Internal Validity of Two Promising Methods of Altering Temporal Orientation among Cigarette Smokers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Targeted self-regulation interventions in low-income children: Clinical trial results and implications for health behavior change.Journal of experimental child psychology · 2021Trial
- A story to tell: the role of narratives in reducing delay discounting for people who strongly discount the future.Memory (Hove, England) · 2021Trial
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleDelay discounting, or the devaluation of delayed outcomes, appears to play an etiological role in tobacco and other substance-use disorders.
objectivesNo human studies to our knowledge have been designed to examine whether experimental reductions in delay discounting produce concomitant reduction in drug use.
methodsUsing methods from prior studies on delay discounting and obesity, we examined the effects of episodic future thinking (EFT; a form of mental prospection) on delay discounting and cigarette self-administration in smokers.
resultsConsistent with prior data, EFT significantly reduced both delay discounting (Cohen's d effect size = 0.65) and the number of cigarette puffs earned in a cigarette self-administration task (d = 0.58).
conclusionsThe effects of EFT on delay discounting generalize to smokers; EFT also reduces laboratory-based cigarette self-administration. Potential mechanisms of EFT's effects are discussed as well as implications of EFT for clinical treatment of substance-use disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.