ReviewNeurochemical research2016
The Gut-Brain Axis, BDNF, NMDA and CNS Disorders.
Review in Neurochemical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmaco-psychiatry and gut microbiome: a systematic review of effects of psychotropic drugs for bipolar disorder.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Probiotics for the treatment of depression and its comorbidities: A systemic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of probiotics combined with applied behavior analysis in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Postbiotics as a therapeutic frontier in Parkinson's disease: Insights into molecular pathways and neuroprotective effects.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Major Depressive Disorder Signatures: A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Insights Into Gut Dysbiosis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The Microbiota as a Potential Cause of Disease.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches for Neurodegenerative Diseases.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Dup15q model mice exhibit impaired gastrointestinal motility and a constipation-like phenotype, alleviated by prucalopride.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Nutritional Management of Schizophrenia: Gut-Brain Axis Mechanisms and Dietary Interventions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- The gut-brain axis: role of gut microbiota in neurological disease pathogenesis and pharmacotherapeutics.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Inulin ameliorates chronic ketamine-induced anxiety-like behaviors and impairments in spatial learning and memory: involvement of gut microbiota, microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acids, and the BDNF-TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB pathway.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota in anxiety and depression: mechanisms, drug interactions, and therapeutic implications.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- The psychobiotic revolution: comprehending the optimistic role of gut microbiota on gut-brain axis during neurological and Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Microbial modulators of the mind: probiotic interventions in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive flexibility.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2025Review
- The Gut-Brain Axis and Mental Health: How Diet Shapes Our Cognitive and Emotional Well-Being.Cureus · 2025Review
- Ethanol-Induced Depression: Exploring the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Neuroinflammatory Mediated Mechanism of Pathogenesis?Inflammation · 2025Review
- Regulation of Stress-Induced Immunosuppression in the Context of Neuroendocrine, Cytokine, and Cellular Processes.Biology · 2025Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastro-intestinal (GI) microbiota and the 'gut-brain axis' are proving to be increasingly relevant to early brain development and the emergence of psychiatric disorders. This review focuses on the influence of the GI tract on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and its relationship with receptors for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDAR), as these are believed to be involved in synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. NMDAR may be associated with the development of schizophrenia and a range of other psychopathologies including neurodegenerative disorders, depression and dementias. An analysis of the routes and mechanisms by which the GI microbiota contribute to the pathophysiology of BDNF-induced NMDAR dysfunction could yield new insights relevant to developing novel therapeutics for schizophrenia and related disorders. In the absence of GI microbes, central BDNF levels are reduced and this inhibits the maintenance of NMDAR production. A reduction of NMDAR input onto GABA inhibitory interneurons causes disinhibition of glutamatergic output which disrupts the central signal-to-noise ratio and leads to aberrant synaptic behaviour and cognitive deficits. Gut microbiota can modulate BDNF function in the CNS, via changes in neurotransmitter function by affecting modulatory mechanisms such as the kynurenine pathway, or by changes in the availability and actions of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the brain. Interrupting these cycles by inducing changes in the gut microbiota using probiotics, prebiotics or antimicrobial drugs has been found promising as a preventative or therapeutic measure to counteract behavioural deficits and these may be useful to supplement the actions of drugs in the treatment of CNS disorders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.