ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2016
Association Between Vaginal Douching and Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Women in the United States.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding Women's Vaginal Douching Behaviors and Practices for Consideration in the Development of a Potential Future Vaginal Microbicide Douche for HIV Prevention: A Systematic Review of the Literature.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Factors Influencing Cervical Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Ethnically Diverse Women in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Association between Cervical Microbiota and HPV: Could This Be the Key to Complete Cervical Cancer Eradication?Biology · 2022Review
- Impact of vaginal douching products on vaginal Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli and epithelial immune responses.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The association between douching, genital talc use, and the risk of prevalent and incident cervical cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Vaginal douching in Zambia: a risk or benefit to women in the fight against cervical cancer: a retrospective cohort study.BMC women's health · 2019Article
- Vaginal herb use andBMJ open · 2019Article
- Douching practices among women in the Bolgatanga municipality of the upper east region of Ghana.BMC women's health · 2019Article
- Intravaginal practices and genital human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Cambodia.Journal of medical virology · 2018Article
- The vaginal microbiota, human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: what do we know and where are we going next?Microbiome · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The very few studies that have examined the association between vaginal douching and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have found contrary results. We investigated the associations between douching and numbers of HPV genotypes infecting 1271 participants aged 20-49 years in the 2003-2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After controlling for relevant covariates, douching in the past 6 months was significantly associated with infection by higher numbers of all genital HPV types (relative risk ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.54) and HPV high-risk types (1.40; 1.09-1.80).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.