ArticleBiomaterials2016
Direct 3D bioprinting of perfusable vascular constructs using a blend bioink.
Article in Biomaterials, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 322 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
322 citing papers in PubMed.
- Incorporation of Bone Marrow Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes into GelMA Hydrogel Effectively Attenuates Disc Degeneration in the Vertebrae of Rats.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Three-Dimensional Bioprinting in Reconstructive Plastic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review.Cells · 2026Review
- 3D Bioprinted Alginate-Gelatin-Collagen Based Hydrogels Laden With Fibroblast and Keratinocyte Cells Show Potential for Regeneration of Injured Skin.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts: Scaffold Design, Immune Engineering, and Clinical Translation.Journal of cellular physiology · 2026Review
- Enabling Technologies in Vascular Biology: Microphysiological Systems, Organoids, and Beyond.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Effect of 3D-printed co-culture design of mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells on tubular formation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Methodological innovations in perfusable vascular networks: Advancing high-density tissue models.Regenerative therapy · 2026Article
- An overview of recent flexible- and soft-biomaterial applications in myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Bioinspired Polymeric Scaffolds for Improvement of Angiogenesis and Tissue Engineering: A Review.Polymers · 2026Review
- Shaping soft hydrogels into 3D, multiscale, perfusable models using multimodal printing.Biofabrication · 2026Article
- Pressure Myography and Cardiac Flow Simulator for Mechanical Characterization of Native and Engineered Blood Vessels.Device · 2026Article
- Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic Gradient Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Evolution from Single-Gradient to Multi-Gradient.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Minimally invasive delivery of engineered heart tissues restores cardiac function in rats with chronic myocardial infarction.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Article
- A diffusion-based 3D printing strategy to fabricate self-supporting, perfusable networks.BMC methods · 2026Review
- Dynamic microenvironments for bone organoids: spatiotemporal regulation of angiogenic-osteogenic coupling through advanced hydrogel design.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- 3D Bioprinting Strategies in Autoimmune Disease Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- TYRAY-Functionalized Alginate Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting Support Stem Cell Culture and Endothelial Network Formation.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Article
- Tuning Rheology and Printability of Gelatin Methacryloyl/Sodium Alginate Bioinks: The Role of Sodium Alginate Molar Mass and Sterilization.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Mechanically Tunable Biofabricated Channels Enable Mimicking Arterial Pulsatility and Dynamic Tissue Actuation.Small science · 2025Article
262 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the significant technological advancement in tissue engineering, challenges still exist towards the development of complex and fully functional tissue constructs that mimic their natural counterparts. To address these challenges, bioprinting has emerged as an enabling technology to create highly organized three-dimensional (3D) vascular networks within engineered tissue constructs to promote the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, which can hardly be realized using conventional microfabrication techniques. Here, we report the development of a versatile 3D bioprinting strategy that employs biomimetic biomaterials and an advanced extrusion system to deposit perfusable vascular structures with highly ordered arrangements in a single-step process. In particular, a specially designed cell-responsive bioink consisting of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), sodium alginate, and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-tetra-acrylate (PEGTA) was used in combination with a multilayered coaxial extrusion system to achieve direct 3D bioprinting. This blend bioink could be first ionically crosslinked by calcium ions followed by covalent photocrosslinking of GelMA and PEGTA to form stable constructs. The rheological properties of the bioink and the mechanical strengths of the resulting constructs were tuned by the introduction of PEGTA, which facilitated the precise deposition of complex multilayered 3D perfusable hollow tubes. This blend bioink also displayed favorable biological characteristics that supported the spreading and proliferation of encapsulated endothelial and stem cells in the bioprinted constructs, leading to the formation of biologically relevant, highly organized, perfusable vessels. These characteristics make this novel 3D bioprinting technique superior to conventional microfabrication or sacrificial templating approaches for fabrication of the perfusable vasculature. We envision that our advanced bioprinting technology and bioink formulation may also have significant potentials in engineering large-scale vascularized tissue constructs towards applications in organ transplantation and repair.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.