ArticlePloS one2016
The Effect of HIV and the Modifying Effect of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure Levels in Rural South Africa.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patho-immune Mechanisms of Hypertension in HIV: a Systematic and Thematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2019Pooled it
- Blood pressure trajectories and the mediated effects of body mass index and HIV-related inflammation in a mixed cohort of people with and without HIV in rural Uganda.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Trial
- Coprevalence and associations of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- Trends of Body Mass Index changes among adults on antiretroviral therapy in Northwest Ethiopia: a longitudinal data analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Blood pressure changes during tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Lilongwe, Malawi: results from the prospective LighTen Cohort Study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023Article
- Vascular dysfunction and body mass index in African adults with HIV.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- The effect of eligibility for antiretroviral therapy on body mass index and blood pressure in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Mini-review: Elucidating the psychological, physical, and sex-based interactions between HIV infection and stress.Neuroscience letters · 2021Review
- A comparative analysis of blood pressure in HIV-infected patients versus uninfected controls residing in Sub-Saharan Africa: a narrative review.Journal of human hypertension · 2020Review
- HIV and the growing health burden from noncommunicable diseases in Botswana: modelling study.Journal of global health · 2019Article
- An optimal BMI range associated with a lower risk of mortality among HIV-infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi, China.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Association between HIV and blood pressure in adults and role of body weight as a mediator: Cross-sectional study in Uganda.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2017Article
- The ART Advantage: Health Care Utilization for Diabetes and Hypertension in Rural South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Population-level decline in BMI and systolic blood pressure following mass HIV treatment: Evidence from rural KwaZulu-Natal.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2017Article
- rs1445776009 variants in the humanInternational journal of health sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh BMI and blood pressure are leading chronic disease risk factors in South Africa. Longterm effects of HIV and ART on adiposity and blood pressure are poorly understood, and direct comparisons of risk factor trajectories in HIV- versus HIV+ populations are rare.
methodsIn 2003 and 2010, height, weight, and blood pressure were recorded in a study population (n = 505) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (30% adult HIV prevalence). We modeled change in BMI and BP longitudinally in HIV- individuals (n = 315), seroconverters (n = 32), HIV+ patients not on ART (HIV+ART-; n = 52), HIV+ patients on ART for 0-<2 years as of 2010 (HIV+ART0-<2 yrs; n = 18), patients on ART for 2-5 years (HIV+ART2-5yrs; n = 44), and a subgroup with unknown HIV status (n = 44). Difference-in-differences were assessed in reference to the HIV- population.
resultsBetween 2003 and 2010, BMI increased significantly in the HIV- group, by 0.874 (95% CI 0.339, 1.41; p = 0.001), to 30.4. BMI drop was significantly greater in HIV+ART0-<2yrs than in HIV+ART2-5yrs (p = 0.005). DID in BMI in HIV+ART0-<2yrs versus the reference was -5.21 (95% CI -7.53, -2.90; p = 0.001), and DID in HIV+ART2-5yrs versus reference was -1.35 (95% CI -2.89, 0.189; p = 0.086). DID in SBP in HIV+ART-vs HIV- DID was -7.55 mmHg (95% CI -13.2 to -1.90; p = 0.009).
conclusionShort-term ART (0-<2 years) was associated with larger weight loss than either no ART or long-term ART. Once on ART for 2+ years, individuals 'caught up' on weight gain with the HIV- population. Our results showcase the importance of health system readiness to address the burgeoning double burden of disease in South Africa.
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