ReviewChemical research in toxicology2016
Naturally Occurring Genetic Variants of Human Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase and Their Potential Impact on the Risk of Toxicity from Cholinesterase Inhibitors.
Review in Chemical research in toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Safety of Ashwagandha as a Food Additive: A Focus on Reproductive, Thyroid, and Immune System Effects.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- Butyrylcholinesterase as a potential biomarker of metabolic imbalances in Afro-descendant populations.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Organic Sunscreens-Biological Activity from an Enzymatic Perspective.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pharmacogenomics testing to optimize medical countermeasures against chemical warfare agents and bacterial biothreats in military settings.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2026Article
- Delayed Recovery After General Anesthesia due to Undiagnosed Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency: A Case Report.Case reports in anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Genetic variants in the CD59 gene: An exploratory study of large genome databases.Transfusion · 2025Article
- Altered Plasma Butyrylcholinesterase Activity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Hypertensive Rats Does Not Reflect Impaired Liver Function.Physiological research · 2025Article
- Investigating biomarkers of exposure to jet aircraft oil fumes using mass spectrometry.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Next Generation Risk Assessment of Acute Neurotoxicity from Organophosphate Exposures Using the In Vitro-In Silico Derived Dietary Comparator Ratio.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- LC-MS/MS-Profiling of Human Serum Unveils Significant Increase in Neuroinflammation and Carcinogenesis Following Chronic Organophosphate Exposure.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- PON1 Status in Relation to Gulf War Illness: Evidence of Gene-Exposure Interactions from a Multisite Case-Control Study of 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- CD59 gene: 143 haplotypes of 22,718 nucleotides length by computational phasing in 113 individuals from different ethnicities.Transfusion · 2024Article
- Emerging significance of butyrylcholinesterase.World journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition in Rats and Humans Following Acute Fenitrothion Exposure Predicted by Physiologically Based Kinetic Modeling-Facilitated QuantitativeEnvironmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Occurrence of butyrylcholinesterase polymorphisms in patients undergoing surgery in Slovakia.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2023Article
- Bioactivation and detoxification of organophosphorus pesticides in freshwater planarians shares similarities with humans.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Key Structural Features of Various Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Using Simple Molecular Descriptors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cholinesterase Deficiency Syndrome-A Pitfall in the Use of Butyrylcholinesterase as a Biomarker for Wilson's Disease.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Butyrylcholinesterase in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.Neurotoxicology · 2022Article
- Organophosphorus pesticide exposure biomarkers in a Mexican population.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the physiologically important target for organophosphorus toxicants (OP) including nerve agents and pesticides. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in blood serves as a bioscavenger that protects AChE in nerve synapses from inhibition by OP. Mass spectrometry methods can detect exposure to OP by measuring adducts on the active site serine of plasma BChE. Genetic variants of human AChE and BChE do exist, but loss of function mutations have been identified only in the BCHE gene. The most common AChE variant, His353Asn (H322N), also known as the Yt blood group antigen, has normal AChE activity. The most common BChE variant, Ala567Thr (A539T) or the K-variant in honor of Werner Kalow, has 33% reduced plasma BChE activity. The genetic variant most frequently associated with prolonged response to muscle relaxants, Asp98Gly (D70G) or atypical BChE, has reduced activity and reduced enzyme concentration. Early studies in young, healthy males, performed at a time when it was legal to test nerve agents in humans, showed that individuals responded differently to the same low dose of sarin with toxic symptoms ranging in severity from minimal to moderate. Additionally, animal studies indicated that BChE protects from toxicants that have a higher reactivity with AChE than with BChE (e.g., nerve agents) but not from toxicants that have a higher reactivity with BChE than with AChE (e.g., OP pesticides). As a corollary, we hypothesize that individuals with genetic variants of BChE may be at increased risk of toxicity from nerve agents but not from OP pesticides.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.