ArticleCell death discovery2015
Secondary necrotic neutrophils release interleukin-16C and macrophage migration inhibitory factor from stores in the cytosol.
Article in Cell death discovery, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thromborepair: the tissue repair partner to thromboinflammation.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2026Review
- Prognostic evaluation of dirty necrosis and tumor necrosis in gastric cancers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-macrophage crosstalk network in acute lung injury: feedback circuits linking cytokine storm and cell death.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Proteomic Portrait of Degranulation Program in Human Circulating Neutrophils Upon Multi-Inflammatory and Infectious Activation.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
- A murine distal femoral epiphysis ischemia model reveals spatiotemporal stratification of necrotic bone marrow clearance and associated inflammatory responses.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Calprotectin as a Biomarker for Infectious Diseases: A Comparative Review with Conventional Inflammatory Markers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of interleukin-16 in human diseases: a novel potential therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Hyperalgesic Effect Evoked by il-16 and its Participation in Inflammatory Hypernociception in Mice.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Interleukin-16 is increased in dialysis patients but is not a cardiovascular risk factor.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Urine proteomic signatures of histological class, activity, chronicity, and treatment response in lupus nephritis.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Clearance of apoptotic cells by neutrophils in inflammation and cancer.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Lupus Nephritis Biomarkers: A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Proteomic profiling of neutrophils and plasma in community-acquired pneumonia reveals crucial proteins in diverse biological pathways linked to clinical outcome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Impaired alveolar macrophage 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 reductase activity contributes to increased pulmonary inflammation and mortality in sepsis-related ARDS.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Resveratrol Downmodulates Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Generation by Neutrophils in Patients with Severe COVID-19.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Urine Proteomics and Renal Single-Cell Transcriptomics Implicate Interleukin-16 in Lupus Nephritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Article
- The multifaceted roles of NLRP3-modulating proteins in virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Neutrophils in Tumorigenesis: Missing Targets for Successful Next Generation Cancer Therapies?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neutrophils harbor a number of preformed effector proteins that allow for immediate antimicrobial functions without the need for time-consuming de novo synthesis. Evidence indicates that neutrophils also contain preformed cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1ra, CXCL8 and CXCL2. In the search for additional preformed cytokines, a cytokine array analysis identified IL-16 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as preformed cytokines in lysates from human primary neutrophils. Both IL-16 and MIF are unconventional cytokines because they lack a signal sequence. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy as well as western blot analysis of subcellular fractions, IL-16 and MIF were found to be stored in the cytosol rather than in the granules of human neutrophils, which implies an unconventional secretion mechanism for both cytokines. IL-16 is synthesized and stored as a precursor (pre-IL-16). We present evidence that the processing of pre-IL-16 to the biologically active IL-16C is mediated by caspase-3 and occurs during both spontaneous and UV-induced apoptosis of human neutrophils. Although IL-16 processing occurs during apoptosis, IL-16C and MIF release was observed only during secondary necrosis of neutrophils. Screening a panel of microbial substances and proinflammatory cytokines did not identify a stimulus that induced the release of IL-16C and MIF independent of secondary necrosis. The data presented here suggest that IL-16 and MIF are neutrophil-derived inflammatory mediators released under conditions of insufficient clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, as typically occurs at sites of infection and autoimmunity.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.