ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Using the shortwave infrared to image middle ear pathologies.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnosis of tympanic effusions using hyperspectral imaging to prevent unnecessary paracentesis procedures.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Review of shortwave infrared imaging and spectroscopy in tissue [Invited].Biomedical optics express · 2025Review
- Shortwave Infrared (SWIR)-Emitting Tamoxifen-Conjugated Cyanine Dyes for Estrogen Receptor-Targeted Cancer Imaging.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Rigid Autofluorescence Imaging as a Tool for Identifying Cholesteatoma During Otologic Surgery: Initial Ex Vivo Findings.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Optical coherence tomography otoscope for imaging of tympanic membrane and middle ear pathology.Journal of biomedical optics · 2024Article
- Advancing DIEP Flap Monitoring with Optical Imaging Techniques: A Narrative Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- From bone to nanoparticles: development of a novel generation of bone derived nanoparticles for image guided orthopedic regeneration.Biomaterials science · 2024Article
- Label-Free Optical Technologies for Middle-Ear Diseases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Machine Learning-Assisted Short-Wave InfraRed (SWIR) Techniques for Biomedical Applications: Towards Personalized Medicine.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Recent Advances in the HPPH-Based Third-Generation Photodynamic Agents in Biomedical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Ambient Light Resistant Shortwave Infrared Fluorescence Imaging for Preclinical Tumor Delineation via the pH Low-Insertion Peptide Conjugated to Indocyanine Green.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2023Article
- Enhancing intraoperative tumor delineation with multispectral short-wave infrared fluorescence imaging and machine learning.Journal of biomedical optics · 2023Article
- Automated Segmentation of Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Human Tympanic Membrane Using Deep Learning.Algorithms · 2023Article
- Photostable Small-Molecule NIR-II Fluorescent Scaffolds that Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier for Noninvasive Brain Imaging.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2022Article
- PET/NIR-II fluorescence imaging and image-guided surgery of glioblastoma using a folate receptor α-targeted dual-modal nanoprobe.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2022Article
- Automated classification of otitis media with OCT: augmenting pediatric image datasets with gold-standard animal model data.Biomedical optics express · 2022Article
- Color Dependence Analysis in a CNN-Based Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Middle and External Ear Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Multimodal Handheld Probe for Characterizing Otitis Media - Integrating Raman Spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography.Frontiers in photonics · 2022Article
- Establishing design principles for emissive organic SWIR chromophores from energy gap laws.Chem · 2021Article
- Shortwave infrared otoscopy for diagnosis of middle ear effusions: a machine-learning-based approach.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Visualizing structures deep inside opaque biological tissues is one of the central challenges in biomedical imaging. Optical imaging with visible light provides high resolution and sensitivity; however, scattering and absorption of light by tissue limits the imaging depth to superficial features. Imaging with shortwave infrared light (SWIR, 1-2 μm) shares many advantages of visible imaging, but light scattering in tissue is reduced, providing sufficient optical penetration depth to noninvasively interrogate subsurface tissue features. However, the clinical potential of this approach has been largely unexplored because suitable detectors, until recently, have been either unavailable or cost prohibitive. Here, taking advantage of newly available detector technology, we demonstrate the potential of SWIR light to improve diagnostics through the development of a medical otoscope for determining middle ear pathologies. We show that SWIR otoscopy has the potential to provide valuable diagnostic information complementary to that provided by visible pneumotoscopy. We show that in healthy adult human ears, deeper tissue penetration of SWIR light allows better visualization of middle ear structures through the tympanic membrane, including the ossicular chain, promontory, round window niche, and chorda tympani. In addition, we investigate the potential for detection of middle ear fluid, which has significant implications for diagnosing otitis media, the overdiagnosis of which is a primary factor in increased antibiotic resistance. Middle ear fluid shows strong light absorption between 1,400 and 1,550 nm, enabling straightforward fluid detection in a model using the SWIR otoscope. Moreover, our device is easily translatable to the clinic, as the ergonomics, visual output, and operation are similar to a conventional otoscope.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.