ArticleEndocrine-related cancer2016
Social isolation induces autophagy in the mouse mammary gland: link to increased mammary cancer risk.
Article in Endocrine-related cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic psychosocial stress: a role in breast cancer etiology?Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiome modulates breast cancer risk in socially isolated mice.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Pancreatic cancer: molecular pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The impact of chronic comorbidities on cancer immunoediting: challenges and opportunities for immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Murine Models of Obesity-Related Cancer Risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Review
- Diet Modulates the Gut Microbiome, Metabolism, and Mammary Gland Inflammation to Influence Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Role of stress in the pathogenesis of cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Neuropeptide Y Peptide Family and Cancer: Antitumor Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Stress and cancer: mechanisms, significance and future directions.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2021Review
- Diet Alters Entero-Mammary Signaling to Regulate the Breast Microbiome and Tumorigenesis.Cancer research · 2021Article
- Learning from and Leveraging Multi-Level Changes in Responses to the COVID 19 Pandemic to Facilitate Breast Cancer Prevention Efforts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents' mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2021Review
- Psychosocial Stress and Age Influence Depression and Anxiety-Related Behavior, Drive Tumor Inflammatory Cytokines and Accelerate Prostate Cancer Growth in Mice.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Chronic Isolation Stress Affects Central Neuroendocrine Signaling Leading to a Metabolically Active Microenvironment in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Article
- Seeking a Sense of Belonging.Generations (San Francisco, Calif.) · 2020Article
- Elevated leptin disrupts epithelial polarity and promotes premalignant alterations in the mammary gland.Oncogene · 2019Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Social isolation is a strong predictor of early all-cause mortality and consistently increases breast cancer risk in both women and animal models. Because social isolation increases body weight, we compared its effects to those caused by a consumption of obesity-inducing diet (OID) in C57BL/6 mice. Social isolation and OID impaired insulin and glucose sensitivity. In socially isolated, OID-fed mice (I-OID), insulin resistance was linked to reduced Pparg expression and increased neuropeptide Y levels, but in group-housed OID fed mice (G-OID), it was linked to increased leptin and reduced adiponectin levels, indicating that the pathways leading to insulin resistance are different. Carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis was significantly higher in I-OID mice than in the other groups, but cancer risk was also increased in socially isolated, control diet-fed mice (I-C) and G-OID mice compared with that in controls. Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling (GRP78; IRE1) was upregulated in the mammary glands of OID-fed mice, but not in control diet-fed, socially isolated I-C mice. In contrast, expression of BECLIN1, ATG7 and LC3II were increased, and p62 was downregulated by social isolation, indicating increased autophagy. In the mammary glands of socially isolated mice, but not in G-OID mice, mRNA expressions of p53 and the p53-regulated autophagy inducer Dram1 were upregulated, and nuclear p53 staining was strong. Our findings further indicated that autophagy and tumorigenesis were not increased in Atg7(+/-) mice kept in social isolation and fed OID. Thus, social isolation may increase breast cancer risk by inducing autophagy, independent of changes in body weight.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.