ArticleMicrobial cell factories2016
Effects of nitrogen availability on polymalic acid biosynthesis in the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans.
Article in Microbial cell factories, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low Nitrogen Concentration and Acidic pH Enhance the Antifungal Activity AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Efficient Production of Melanin by Aureobasidium Melanogenum Using a Simplified Medium and pH-Controlled Fermentation Strategy with the Cell Morphology Analysis.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Polymalic acid for translational nanomedicine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Coproduction of polymalic acid and liamocins from two waste by-products from the xylitol and gluconate industries by Aureobasidium pullulans.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2021Article
- Recovery of valuable metals from waste printed circuit boards using organic acids synthesised by Aspergillus niveus.IET nanobiotechnology · 2021Article
- Biosynthetic Polymalic Acid as a Delivery Nanoplatform for Translational Cancer Medicine.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2021Review
- The current status of Aureobasidium pullulans in biotechnology.Folia microbiologica · 2018Review
- Metabolome- and genome-scale model analyses for engineering ofBiotechnology for biofuels · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPolymalic acid (PMA) is a novel polyester polymer that has been broadly used in the medical and food industries. Its monomer, L-malic acid, is also a potential C4 platform chemical. However, little is known about the mechanism of PMA biosynthesis in the yeast-like fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen concentration on cell growth and PMA biosynthesis were investigated via comparative transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, and a related signaling pathway was also evaluated.
resultsA high final PMA titer of 44.00 ± 3.65 g/L (49.9 ± 4.14 g/L of malic acid after hydrolysis) was achieved in a 5-L fermentor under low nitrogen concentration (2 g/L of NH4NO3), which was 18.3 % higher yield than that obtained under high nitrogen concentration (10 g/L of NH4NO3). Comparative transcriptomics profiling revealed that a set of genes, related to the ribosome, ribosome biogenesis, proteasome, and nitrogen metabolism, were significantly up- or down-regulated under nitrogen sufficient conditions, which could be regulated by the TOR signaling pathway. Fourteen protein spots were identified via proteomics analysis, and were found to be associated with cell division and growth, energy metabolism, and the glycolytic pathway. qRT-PCR further confirmed that the expression levels of key genes involved in the PMA biosynthetic pathway (GLK, CS, FUM, DAT, and MCL) and the TOR signaling pathway (GS, TOR1, Tap42, and Gat1) were upregulated due to nitrogen limitation. Under rapamycin stress, PMA biosynthesis was obviously inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and the transcription levels of TOR1, MCL, and DAT were also downregulated.
conclusionsThe level of nitrogen could regulate cell growth and PMA biosynthesis. Low concentration of nitrogen was beneficial for PMA biosynthesis, which could upregulate the expression of key genes involved in the PMA biosynthesis pathway. Cell growth and PMA biosynthesis might be mediated by the TOR signaling pathway in response to nitrogen. This study will help us to deeply understand the molecular mechanisms of PMA biosynthesis, and to develop an effective process for the production of PMA and malic acid chemicals.
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