ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Sex-Based Selectivity of PPARγ Regulation in Th1, Th2, and Th17 Differentiation.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- PPARγ: a key orchestrator of epidermal barrier, immune responses, and lipid metabolism in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and therapy.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Review
- Modeling Pain Without Injury: Inherited Rodent Models as Mechanistic Windows into Chronic Pain.Function (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Targeting TCMR-associated cytokine genes for drug screening identifies PPARγ agonists as novel immunomodulatory agents in transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sex dimorphism of IL-17-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells in ankylosing spondylitis based on bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Morin, the PPARγ agonist, inhibits Th17 differentiation by limiting fatty acid synthesis in collagen-induced arthritis.Cell biology and toxicology · 2023Article
- Identification of hub genes and key signaling pathways by weighted gene co-expression network analysis for human aortic stenosis and insufficiency.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It's complicated.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- PFAS and Potential Adverse Effects on Bone and Adipose Tissue Through Interactions With PPARγ.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Supraphysiological estradiol promotes human T follicular helper cell differentiation and favours humoural immunity during in vitro fertilization.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- The role of GLS1-mediated glutaminolysis/2-HG/H3K4me3 and GSH/ROS signals in Th17 responses counteracted by PPARγ agonists.Theranostics · 2021Article
- Ozonated autohemotherapy elevates PPAR-γ expression in CD4American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Significant Unresolved Questions and Opportunities for Bioengineering in Understanding and Treating COVID-19 Disease Progression.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2020Article
- Regulation of the germinal center response by nuclear receptors and implications for autoimmune diseases.The FEBS journal · 2020Review
- Evaluation of Expression of STAT Genes in Immune-Mediated Polyneuropathies.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2020Article
- Article
- Metabolic Dysfunction and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Regulation of Immune Cell Function by PPARs and the Connection with Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Comparative Study of Ex Vivo Transmucosal Permeation of Pioglitazone Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.Polymers · 2018Article
- Sex Hormones in Acquired Immunity and Autoimmune Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has recently been recognized to regulate adaptive immunity through Th17 differentiation, Treg functions, and TFH responses. However, its role in adaptive immunity and autoimmune disease is still not clear, possibly due to sexual differences. Here, we investigated in vitro treatment study with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone to compare Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation in male and female mouse splenic T cells. Pioglitazone treatment significantly inhibited various effector T cell differentiations including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells from female naïve T cells, but it selectively reduced IL-17 production in male Th17 differentiation. Interestingly, pioglitazone and estradiol (E2) co-treatment of T cells in males inhibited differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, suggesting a mechanism for the greater sensitivity of PPARγ to ligand treatment in the regulation of effector T cell differentiation in females. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PPARγ selectively inhibits Th17 differentiation only in male T cells and modulates Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation in female T cells based on different level of estrogen exposure. Accordingly, PPARγ could be an important immune regulator of sexual differences in adaptive immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.