ReviewBioconjugate chemistry2016
Nanodrug Delivery: Is the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect Sufficient for Curing Cancer?
Review in Bioconjugate chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 368 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
368 citing papers in PubMed.
- Natural Product-Based Nanomedicine in the Treatment of Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Combinatorial in situ cancer vaccines: unlocking broad and enhanced antitumor responses.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Mitochondria-Targeting Metal Complexes: Design Principles, Mechanisms of Action, and Translational Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Evaluation of nanoencapsulated bevacizumab combined with paclitaxel in a colorectal cancer xenograft model.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Multifunctional nanotherapeutics for tumor microenvironment modulation in solid tumor therapy.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Opening endothelial gap while decompressing matrix: A coordinated mechanism enhancing drug delivery in pancreatic cancer treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Nanomaterials reshaping cancer radiotherapy: Radiosensitization mechanisms, delivery and theranostic platforms, multimodal synergy, and clinical translation strategies.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Electrosprayed PLGA Nanoparticles for Dual Drug Delivery: Design, Optimization and Applications.Polymers · 2026Review
- UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks in biomedicine: From structural tunability to bioimaging, photodiagnostics, and photodynamic cancer therapy.FEBS open bio · 2026Review
- Cell-Derived Nanocarriers for Monocyte-Mediated Therapeutic Delivery: Concept and Challenges.Yonsei medical journal · 2026Review
- Peptides as multifunctional linchpins in targeted drug conjugates.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles: An Emerging Hope in Cancer Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Light-Activated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment: Synergistic Roles in Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy.Cancers · 2026Review
- RNA Therapeutics in Viral Infections and Cancer: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospects: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Preparation and Evaluation of Radiolabeled Porphyrin-Functionalized Lipid Nanodroplets for Cancer Theranostics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of the Trastuzumab-Doxorubicin Antibody-Drug Conjugate Using Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Azide Coupling.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Liposomal nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for improved treatment of multiple myeloma.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Systematic Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of PEGylated Gold Nanorods Reveals Cell-Specific Uptake Determinants in Human Immune Cell Subsets.Small science · 2026Article
- Perfluoropentane Phase-Change Nanodroplets for Focused Ultrasound-Enhanced Drug Penetration and Immune Response.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Ibuprofen and 2'-Hydroxy-2,3,5'-trimethoxychalcone-Linked Polymeric Micelles in HeLa Cells.ACS omega · 2026Article
308 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers several attractive design features that have prompted its exploration for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanosized drugs have a large loading capacity, the ability to protect the payload from degradation, a large surface on which to conjugate targeting ligands, and controlled or sustained release. Nanosized drugs also leak preferentially into tumor tissue through permeable tumor vessels and are then retained in the tumor bed due to reduced lymphatic drainage. This process is known as the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, while the EPR effect is widely held to improve delivery of nanodrugs to tumors, it in fact offers less than a 2-fold increase in nanodrug delivery compared with critical normal organs, resulting in drug concentrations that are not sufficient for curing most cancers. In this Review, we first overview various barriers for nanosized drug delivery with an emphasis on the capillary wall's resistance, the main obstacle to delivering drugs. Then, we discuss current regulatory issues facing nanomedicine. Finally, we discuss how to make the delivery of nanosized drugs to tumors more effective by building on the EPR effect.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.