Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27547458›Full record

ReviewArab journal of urology2016

Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Systematic review of clinical characteristics and therapeutic approaches.

Jeremy W Martin, Estrella M Carballido, Ahmed Ahmed, Bilal Farhan, Rahul Dutta, Cody Smith, Ramy F Youssef

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Arab journal of urology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Jeremy W MartinDepartment of Urology, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Estrella M CarballidoDivision of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
Ahmed AhmedDepartment of Urology, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, USA; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
Bilal FarhanDepartment of Urology, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Rahul DuttaDepartment of Urology, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Cody SmithDepartment of Urology, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
Ramy F YoussefDepartment of Urology, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
University of California, Irvine · USMayo Clinic in Arizona · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo highlight the current understanding of the epidemiology, clinicopathological characteristics, and management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder, as it accounts for 2-5% of bladder tumours, with a focus on non-bilharzial-associated SCC (NB-SCC). The standard treatment for bladder SCC remains radical cystectomy (RC). We present an updated clinical profile of bladder SCC and a review of NB-SCC therapeutic approaches, including RC, neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

methodsUsing search terms relating to SCC, urinary bladder, and treatment modalities, we performed a search of the PubMed and Embase databases to identify NB-SCC treatment approaches and outcomes. Peer-reviewed English language reports from 1975 to present assessing SCC management were included. Two authors independently screened and extracted the data.

resultsOf the 806 articles screened, 10 met the pre-defined inclusion criteria. RC was performed in seven of the 10 studies. Although radiotherapy alone yielded poor outcomes, preoperative radiotherapy and RC were associated with improved survival. There is little evidence supporting the use of chemotherapy in NB-SCC, and its efficacy in relation to RC is not known.

conclusionBased on current literature, there is insufficient evidence to provide a treatment recommendation for NB-SCC. Whilst RC is the standard of care, the role of preoperative radiotherapy should be revisited and compared to RC alone. Additional studies incorporating multimodal approaches, contemporary radiation techniques, and systemic therapies are warranted. Immunotherapy as a treatment for bladder SCC has yet to be investigated.

Indexed as

BilharzialBladderB-SCC, bilharzial-associated SCCCISC, clean intermittent self-catheterisationCOX-2, cyclooxygenase 2DFS, disease-free survivalFGF-2, fibroblast growth factor 2HER-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2HPV, human papilloma virusLN, lymph nodeLVI, lymphovascular invasionNAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapyNB-SCC, non-bilharzial SCCOS, overall survivalPD-1, programmed cell death 1PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1Radical cystectomyRadiotherapyRC, radical cystectomySCC, squamous cell carcinomaSCI, spinal cord injurySEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End ResultsSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Identifiers

PMID27547458
PMCPMC4983161
OpenAlexW2481823919

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.