Observational studyScientific reports2016
Necrotising enterocolitis and mortality in preterm infants after introduction of probiotics: a quasi-experimental study.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06035835 (Probiotics and Breastmilk Are Associated With a Decreased Risk of Atopic Dermatitis in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Probiotics and Breastmilk Are Associated With a Decreased Risk of Atopic Dermatitis in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophylactic Probiotic Supplementation for Preterm Neonates-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nonrandomized Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Probiotic supplementation in preterm infants does not affect the risk of retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Probiotic Implementation and Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk in Preterm Infants.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Standardization of minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) technique for intestinal sampling in neonatal autopsies.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- A Review of Probiotic Interventions for Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Sepsis in Preterm Infants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gastrointestinal emergencies and monitoring in preterm infants: a review.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- The microbiome's hidden influence: preclinical insights into inflammatory responses in necrotizing enterocolitis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Dual-strain probiotics Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus reverse gut dysbiosis in preterm neonates: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Incidence of probiotic sepsis and morbidity risk in premature infants: a meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Impact of perinatal administration of probiotics on immune cell composition in neonatal mice.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Nomogram to predict risk of neonatal mortality among preterm neonates admitted with sepsis at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: risk prediction model development and validation.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Analysis of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 ® and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on underweight and malabsorption in premature infants.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2024Article
- Effect of Probiotic Dose Escalation on Gut Microbiota and Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Infants-A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effectiveness of a probiotic combination on the neurodevelopment of the very premature infant.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Protective Effects and Mechanism of a Novel Probiotic StrainNutrients · 2022Article
- Blood group AB increases risk for surgical necrotizing enterocolitis and focal intestinal perforation in preterm infants with very low birth weight.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Effects of neonatal nutrition interventions on neonatal mortality and child health and development outcomes: A systematic review.Campbell systematic reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence on the clinical effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants is conflicting and cohort studies lacked adjustment for time trend and feeding type. This study investigated the association between the introduction of routine probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum; Infloran(®)) on the primary outcome 'NEC or death'. Preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 gram) admitted before (Jan 2008-Sep 2012; n = 1288) and after (Oct 2012-Dec 2014; n = 673) introduction of probiotics were compared. Interrupted time series logistic regression models were adjusted for confounders, effect modification by feeding type, seasonality and underlying temporal trends. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses showed no difference in 'NEC or death' between the two periods. The overall incidence of NEC declined from 7.8% to 5.1% (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42-0.93, p = 0.02), which was not statistically significant in the adjusted models. Introduction of probiotics was associated with a reduced adjusted odds for 'NEC or sepsis or death' in exclusively breastmilk-fed infants (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.93, p = 0.03) only. We conclude that introduction of probiotics was not associated with a reduction in 'NEC or death' and that type of feeding seems to modify the effects of probiotics.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.