ArticleTobacco control2016
E-cigarette use is differentially related to smoking onset among lower risk adolescents.
Article in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between e-cigarette use among non-tobacco users and initiating smoking of combustible cigarettes.Harm reduction journal · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Critical Analysis of Longitudinal Studies Assessing Effect of E-Cigarettes on Cigarette Initiation among Adolescent Never-Smokers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Literature Review of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Youth Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2023Pooled it
- Correlates of tobacco use among Asian and Pacific Islander youth and young adults in the U.S.: A systematic review of the literature.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2017Pooled it
- Contingent Effects of E-Cigarette Warning Label Messages on Cognitive Elaboration and Fear Among U.S. Youth Ages 14-17 by Vaping Experience and Peer Vaping Behavior.Health communication · 2025Article
- Socio-ecological factors that influence youth vaping: perspectives from Western Australian school professionals, parents and young people.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Article
- A Scoping Review of Vaping Among the Asian Adolescent Population.Asia-Pacific journal of public health · 2024Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Combustible Tobacco Smoking From 2014 to 2020: Declines Are Lagging Among Non-Hispanic Black Youth.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- The "Gateway" hypothesis: evaluation of evidence and alternative explanations.Harm reduction journal · 2024Review
- Young adult peer crowds, e-cigarette advertising exposure, and e-cigarette use: Test of a mediation model.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- The interaction of e-cigarette use and mental health symptoms on risk of cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in the United States.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Concern over tobacco and marijuana perceptions and use among adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Impact of the e-cigarette era on cigarette smoking among youth in the United States: A population-level study.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Employing the theory of planned behaviour to design an e-cigarette education resource for use in secondary schools.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Association of lifetime e-cigarette and/or tobacco use and last year cannabis use among university students: A cross-sectional secondary analysis of a national survey.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Frontiers Review: Severe Asthma in Adolescents.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- High School Seniors Who Used E-Cigarettes May Have Otherwise Been Cigarette Smokers: Evidence From Monitoring the Future (United States, 2009-2018).Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveE-cigarette use has been linked to onset of cigarette smoking among adolescents, but some commentators have suggested that this simply reflects high-risk adolescents being more likely to use e-cigarettes and to smoke. We tested whether the effect of e-cigarette use for smoking onset differs for youth who are lower versus higher on propensity to smoke.
methodsSchool-based survey with a longitudinal sample of 1136 students (9th-11th graders, mean age 14.7 years) in Hawaii, initially surveyed in 2013 (T1) and followed up 1 year later (T2). We assessed e-cigarette use, propensity to smoke based on 3 psychosocial factors known to predict smoking (rebelliousness, parental support and willingness to smoke), and cigarette smoking status. Analyses based on T1 never-smokers tested the relation of T1 e-cigarette use to T2 smoking status for participants lower versus higher on T1 propensity to smoke.
resultsThe relation between T1 e-cigarette use and T2 smoking onset was stronger among participants with lower levels of rebelliousness and willingness and higher levels of parental support. A multiple logistic regression analysis with T2 smoking as the criterion tested the cross-product of T1 e-cigarette use and T1 smoking propensity score; the interaction (OR=0.88, p=0.01) indicated a significantly larger effect for smoking onset among lower risk youth.
conclusionsThe results indicate e-cigarette use is a risk factor for smoking onset, not just a marker of high risk for smoking. This study provides evidence that e-cigarettes are recruiting lower risk adolescents to smoking, which has public health implications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.